1. CALIFORNIA (CHAPTER 15: PART 2)

2. INTRODUCTION California is by some measures the country's most urbanized state. At the same time, it is the most agricultural state in terms of total farm income. Today's California's agricultural base, identifies two key problem areas, and highlights the tremendous competition for land use in certain areas.

3. AGRICULTURE (General) California's agriculture is broadly based Variety of climatic regions Large internal market Specialty crops are dominant throughout the state. Total market value of agricultural crops (1998) 16.6 billion dollars The country's most agricultural state in terms of total farm income.

4. AGRICULTURE (Products) Accounts for virtually all of the U.S. production of… Accounts for virtually all of the U.S. production of… almonds, artichokes, dates, figs, kiwifruit, olives, pistachios, and prunes almonds, artichokes, dates, figs, kiwifruit, olives, pistachios, and prunes Produces more than half of the country's … Produces more than half of the country's … alfalfa seed, avocados, lettuce, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, naval oranges, lemons, grapes, peaches, plums, apricots, cantaloupes, nectarines, strawberries, celery, and tomatoes The leading producer of … asparagus, tangerines, spinach, pears, lima beans, onions, potted plants, and honey asparagus, tangerines, spinach, pears, lima beans, onions, potted plants, and honey Ranks third in the sale of … Ranks third in the sale of … cotton, sheep, dairy products; fourth in rice; fifth in beef cattle cotton, sheep, dairy products; fourth in rice; fifth in beef cattle

5. AGRICULTURE (Specialty Crops) Are grown on a large scale in only a few parts of the country Require long growing seasons Experience no local competition in the demand areas (especially during winter)

15. AGRICULTURE (Specialization) The national trend is towards increased specialization. Too difficult/expensive to handle more than a few basic products and remain competitive. Enhanced within California because of the diversity in climate and physiography Temperature Precipitation Soil type/composition

16. AGRICULTURE (Problem Areas) Land-use competition Agricultural activities Urban development Recreational activities Multiple-use concepts are applied in some cases More often, one activity may render the area incapable of supporting another.

17. AGRICULTURE (Problem Areas) Water Supply Agriculture is a much greater consumer of water than manufacturing or municipal use. 70% of the precipitation falls in the North, BUT 80% of the state's water is used in the South. California has more irrigated land than any other state (8.5 million acres); Texas ranks second with only half that amount. California accounts for more than 25% of all irrigated water usage in the U.S. Map (pg 349) - state's major water movement systems.

19. AGRICULTURE (Problem Areas) Water Supply (CONTINUED) Much of the Imperial Valley and Coachella Valley face the problem of gradual salt build-up in the soil. Increasing amounts of water are needed to flush out the salt, resulting in a serious water quality problem down river in Mexico. Northern Californians are not happy about the southward transfer of their water supply. The economic and environmental costs of water transfer projects are quite high!

22. URBAN CALIFORNIA POPULATION DENSITY

23. URBAN CALIFORNIA Southern Metropolis L.A. is a polynucleated urban area No CBD, major public rail transport lines, inner city warehouses, nor large-scale inner-city apartment complexes Population density of Los Angeles is 6,100/mi 2, compared to Philadelphia, which has 14,200/mi 2. Distance is often measured by minutes instead of miles. Santa Barbara-San Diego (about 185 miles) urban landscape is occupied by more than 15 million people. Smog is a major environmental problem Large population concentration>>heavy reliance on automobiles Effects are intensified during temperature inversions.

24. SAN DIEGO

25. URBAN CALIFORNIA Bay Area Metropolis-SAN FRANCISCO Largest city on the West Coast 1850-1920 Grew based on... Great harbor Gold rush of 1848 Location at the terminus of first transcontinental railroad The Bay Area has about 6.6 million people, with about 1/9 living in San Francisco. Configuration of the population around the harbor has posed significant circulation problems. BART - an innovative attempt, based on computerized systems, to ease the area's circulation problems.

28. SAN FRANCISCO

29. URBAN CALIFORNIA Cities of the Valley Sacramento (1.5 million) The state capital Largest of the Central Valley cities A major agricultural processing city. Fresno (861,800) Bakersfield (622,700) Stockton (533,400)

30. CALIFORNIA (CHAPTER 15: PART 2)