1. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

2. Culture Culture: A learned system of thought and behavior that belongs to and typifies a relatively large group of people. The composite of their shared beliefs, values, and practices understanding culture. Culture Is Learned. We learn culture through communication with others. We express our culture through communication. Your personal worldview is the framework through which you interpret the world and the people in it. Culture Is Learned. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

3. Intercultural Communication The communication between people from different cultures who have different worldviews necessary in our diverse, mobile society mediated communication gives us regular exposure to people from other cultures. Intercultural Communication Culture, consequently, is the foundation of communication. And when cultures vary, communication practices also vary. (Samovar et al, 1981:24). KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

4. I- The Importance of Learning about Cultures Why learn about culture for international business? -Understanding foreign culture is important for business in international marketing -Understanding culture is also important for individuals in global workplace The 2 important reasons for understanding culture: To learn how others make sense of their environment To learn how others make sense of their environment To prevent mistakes and to make good communication To prevent mistakes and to make good communication KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

5. Make Sense of Our World Even if you haven’t travel to other counties, you may have met or observed people from other cultures in your work and left baffled. You may have been unable to figure out what their behaviors mean or what meaning lay behind their symbols. This is why we study culture. Culture explains how people make sense of their world. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

6. The world is Becoming Increasingly Diverse All over the world, nations are experiencing more and more people from other cultures coming in to their countries, example the united State has a long history of offering a home to people from many other countries. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

7. People around the World ARE Different – People from different culture really are different in how they see the world. – Culture are the amazing products of human imagination. – The variety of culture expresses what it means to be a human being. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

8. Preventing Mistakes markets, suppliers, associates, partners, subsidiaries, join-venture partners, customers, employees, and favorable image in more than one countries Today, business are looking for markets, suppliers, associates, partners, subsidiaries, join-venture partners, customers, employees, and favorable image in more than one countries. Successful business must be able to communicate interculturally both at home and abroad. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

9. Responding to Different Cultures – When member of different cultures find themselves face to face, a number of response are possible. – Contact and communication between people from different cultures is as old as human existence on earth. Hostility to Difference Hostile responses to immigrants show up in the histories for many countries. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

10. Curiosity about Difference Seven hundred years later, people are still curious about personal relationships of people from other cultures. But now, the Internet and websites like Facebook & You Tube bring us closely together Denying difference The productive way to respond to cultural difference is not to deny it exists, but to learn about difference and how to communication about it. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

11. Cooperating with Difference Three necessary things – Culture differences don’t prevent us from working together. Three necessary things in order to minimize and prevent mistakes across culture: Knowledge about one’s own culture with another culture Knowledge about one’s own culture with another culture Motivation - the drive to know and use the knowledge Motivation - the drive to know and use the knowledge Implementing knowledge to do business. Implementing knowledge to do business. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

12. II- Understanding Culture Culture is very difficult to define because it is a large and inclusive concept. Over 500 definitions of culture exist. Culture like the fish that swim Culture is the property of a community of people, no a set of characteristics of individuals In order to understand another culture, you need to understand your own. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

13. Edward Tylor’s definition in 1871 (first use of this term): “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

14. consist of knowledge, beliefs, ideas, habits, attitudes, skills, abilities, values, norms, art, law, morals, customs, traditions, feelings, and other capabilities For sum, culture is that complex whole which consist of knowledge, beliefs, ideas, habits, attitudes, skills, abilities, values, norms, art, law, morals, customs, traditions, feelings, and other capabilities of man which are acquired, learned and socially transmitted by man from one generation to another through the language and living together as members of the society. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

15. John Bodley (1994): Diverse Definitions KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

16. Other definitions of Culture …… Is Coherent :Each culture, past or present is coherent and complete with its self Learned :Culture is not something we are born with, It is learned. Is The View of Group of People: Culture is shared by a society or groups of people. Ranks What is Important Cultures teach values and priorities. Is Furniture Attitude Attitude are learned tendencies to respond phenomena (events, people, experiences) in a consistent way, and are based on beliefs as well as on values. Dictates How to Behave Refers to actions and come directly from attitude KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

17. Onstage and Backstage Elements of Culture - Onstage Culture is the behavior we display, involving action such as shaking hands, bowing, or kissing upon meeting, and including traditional way of celebrating with food & dances, customs and music. - Backstage Culture is not so visible, but is values. It underlines what others see onstage. Backstage cultural aspects includes the ways people make decisions, respond to deadlines, accomplish task, rank events by importance, and conceptualize knowledge. If you explain the backstage behavior, you understand the why of culture. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

18. Transactional Culture -The culture of a piece of business is done between businesspeople. -Transactional cultural behavior are transitory and last only as long as the interactions are in communication together. Adopting Another culture’s Behavior Adopting a new culture has historical precedents. When people adopt permanently to another culture, they function as members of that culture. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

19. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

20. 1. Culture is learned – It is acquired through education, training and experience. 2. Culture is socially transmitted through language- It is transmitted from one generation to another through the medium of language, verbal or non-verbal through the gestures or signs, orally or in writing. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

21. 3. Culture is a social product- many person interact with one another to develop culture. Culture is a product of social interaction through the mutual interstimulation and response of people with one another 4.Culture is a source of gratification- It provides satisfaction of man's varied psychology, social, emotional and spiritual needs. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

22. 5.Culture is adaptive 6. Culture is the distinctive way of life of a group of people KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

23. 7. Culture is material and non-material – material culture, such as buildings and machines, are the products or outputs of the application of man's knowledge and skills, which are basically non-material. 8. Culture has sanctions and controls- these sanctions could be formal or informal. -1916 KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

24. 9. Culture is dynamic- Culture is also changing. Culture grows and accumulates with the passing of time. 1896 19181924 1935 1955 1964 1970 1986 1995 2008 KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014

25. 10. Culture is an established pattern of behaviour- members of the certain society act in a fairly uniform manner because they share mutual beliefs, customs and way of doing. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

26. 11- Culture is Symbolic KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

27. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

28. Culture Shock CULTURE SHOCK!!! When immersed in an unfamiliar culture a person may feel strangely disoriented uncertain out of place even fearful. These are all indications of what sociologists call CULTURE SHOCK!!! Example: It was a real culture shock to find herself in London after living on a small island. dog meat!! For example: A resident of the United States who visits certain parts of China or Korea for a meal may be stunned to find that the speciality is dog meat!! KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

29. Culture Shock (cont.) Members of certain cultures might experience culture shock by seeing provocative dress styles or open displays of affection such as kissing & hugging KISSU Until recently the Japanese viewed kissing as acceptable only between mother and child and had no word for it so they borrowed from the English Language and created KISSU KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

30. Culture shock occurs when people interact with members of a very different culture and experience a loss of control “ Culture shock occurs when people interact with members of a very different culture and experience a loss of control ” Kalervo Oberg 1960 What Exactly is it?  When people move to a new culture they take with them the values beliefs customs and behaviors of their old culture. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

31. Tips for Surviving Culture Shock  Learn the language  Take part in activities  Stay in touch with home  Always maintain a sense of humor  Take care of your health KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

32. Self-Knowledge and Understanding One’s Own Culture Communications across cultures are openness to be applied to oneself and one own culture Knowing one’s own is not simple Know your self; know your enemies: one hundred battles; one hundred victories. Sun Tzu, Chinese Philosopher said 2000 years ago KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

33. Cultural Intelligence (CQ) Cultural intelligence is the capability of an individual to learn and understand another culture and then act accordingly. Psychologists also recognize different kinds of human intelligence – EQ (Emotional Intelligence, the ability to read other emotions) – SQ (Social Intelligence, the ability to understand social needs) – PQ (Practical Intelligence, the ability to accomplish daily living tasks efficiently and effectively) KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

34. The necessary components to have in order to understand another’s environment and prevent cultural mistakes: – Cognition or thinking Processes – Motivation or desire to adapt successfully – Behavior, or appreciate actions CQ has three main components. – Cognition involving both knowledge about a culture and how things are done – Motivation to adapt a new culture – Application, ability to solve the cultural problems into actions KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

35. III- The Question of Change in Culture Are cultures merging into one global culture? – In the popular business press that all cultures are becoming alike. – Cultural priorities lead people into devastating armed conflict because of the strength of their allegiance to their culture. – For examples, in the former Yugoslavia, far ethnic group defend their cultures. Today,Kosovo is governed by a United Nations mission, but old cultural divisions continue to disrupt the governance of state. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

36. Ever-Change Popular Taste - Global companies such as Pepsi, Sony, and Microsoft are said to be changing cultures. - It is true that popular changes; fads come and go, especially in the marketplace. - Popular culture including consumer products – for example, music, food, hairstyle, clothing,..... - Technology is the way human relate to their physical environment – for example, cellphone, e-mail,…. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

37. The study of Communication across Cultures – Culture & communication are closely connected. – Culture is learned through Communication & Communication is based on cultural norms. – Language is the too for communications. Cross - Cultural communication Communication is cultural It draws on speech patterns, language, and nonverbal messages It is interactive It operates through social relationships KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

38. Importance of Face -Face is the standing a person has in the Eyes of others - The importance of “face” and face-saving varies across cultures -Some cultures value “face” more than their own well-being -Other cultures do not care about face all that much. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

39. Nonverbal Communication Different cultures use different systems of understanding nonverbal cues Low-context cultures -- place relatively less emphasis on nonverbal cues High-context cultures -- place relatively more emphasis on nonverbal cues KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

40. Intercultural Business communication Intercultural communication occurs when two people or more cultures interact. Intercultural Business communication is communication by members of different cultures for business or workplace purposes. Perception and Communication Communication is the perception of verbal (worded) and nonverbal (without words) behaviors. Perception is a process that can break down at any of these steps. (Read more in the course book) KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

41. The Course Book : Intercultural Communication in The Global Workplace Fifth Edition Iris Varner & Linda Beamer KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KUIntercultural CommunicationChapter 1: Culture And Communication 20014 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MA-English, MBA, and PhD Can. Tel: 017 56 52 87 & 070 94 38 39 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com