1. TOTALITARIAN DICTATORS Lecture

2. Five Freedoms
Create THREE columns on a sheet of paper with the following headings:
Five freedoms I have
Five rights or freedoms that are restricted at school
The reasons for the restrictions (Think: why are you restricted from certain activities and who does the restricting?)

3. Pair Up Five Freedoms Share Share what you came up with
Let’s list some of your input on the board

4. What’s the Difference? Authoritarian Totalitarian
Having control, but not total control, over the lives of the people.
Having total control over the lives of the people.

5. Authoritarian vs. Totalitarian
Authoritarian = Authority
Totalitarian = Total
What type of governance does a school have?
What actions would have to occur for a school to move from authoritarian governance to totalitarian governance?
Schools are authoritarian but not totalitarian.
Authoritarian vs. Totalitarian:
Authoritarianism is a form of social organization (imagine a school) characterized by submission to authority (students, teachers, staff, all submit to the administration or principal…or district, etc.). It (the school) is opposed to individualism and democracy (meaning the students, teachers, staff do not determine ALL of the policies that govern the school). In politics, an authoritarian government is one in which political power is concentrated in a leader or leaders, typically unelected by the people, who possess exclusive, unaccountable, and arbitrary power. Authoritarianism differs from totalitarianism in that social and economic institutions exist that are not under the government's control. In the example of the school…there is student leadership, student clubs, teacher’s make decisions in departments, parents have a stake, there is a union, teachers determine what they teach in their own classrooms, etc. And, life outside of school is not regulated by the principal, administration, district, etc. In totalitarianism, people must adhere to a strict ideology in all aspects of their lives…inside and outside of “school.”

6. FAILURE OF VERSAILLES
The peace settlement that ended World War I (Versailles Treaty) failed to provide a “just and secure peace” as promised
Instead Germany grew more resentful of the treaty they felt was too harsh and too punitive
This unrest gave rise to an era of Dictators
The Versailles Treaty (above on crutches) took a beating in the U.S. and abroad

7. Totalitarianism A country headed by a DICTATOR (one person)
One POLITICAL PARTY rules
Individuals have little power, freedom or rights.
The government CONTROLS ALL ASPECTS of life including religion, speech, media and art
No INDIVIDUAL privacy or FREEDOM
Came to power after WW I.

8. Criteria of Totalitarian Regimes
“…I saw a little boy, perhaps ten years old, driving a huge carthorse along a narrow path, whipping it whenever it tried to turn. It struck me that if only such animals became aware of their strength we should have no power over them…”
George Orwell
Orwell tells us two of the ways that people, as well as animals, can be controlled. The 2,000 pound horse could be controlled by a small boy of less than 100 pounds because the boy used some of the methods that dictators used to control the large populations of their countries.

9. Criteria of Totalitarian Regimes
Germany, the Soviet Union, and Italy had dictatorships that were unique in the history of the world. They went beyond mere dictatorships. They were totalitarian dictatorships.
Their control went beyond traditional, authoritarian dictatorships and monarchies.

10. Criteria of Totalitarian Regimes
Totalitarian dictatorships wanted total control over the lives of their people.
How did these totalitarian governments achieve this kind of control?
Dictators used 8 methods to gain total control over their people.
Just as the boy controlled the horse, dictators were able to control people using the following strategies…

11. Criteria of Totalitarian Regimes
Indoctrination
Propaganda
Censorship
Terror
Charisma
One Party Rule
Economic Control
Extreme Nationalism

12. Say, Mean, Matter
As we go through each criteria of Totalitarian regimes, complete your lecture guide as follows:
What does it say? (Read the definition and underline important phrases.)
What does it mean? (Put definition into your own words.)
Why does it matter? (Explain why principle is important in totalitarian states.)

13. Say, Mean, Matter Indoctrination Propaganda
To teach people to accept a system of beliefs (thoughts) without questioning.
Using newspapers, magazines, radio, speeches, and movies to give people a one sided message.

14. "Es lebe Deutschland!” – means “Long Live Germany!”

15. Say, Mean, Matter Censorship Terror
The removal of anything objectionable to or critical of the ruling party.
The use of violence or the threat of violence to produce fear so that people will obey the state.

16. Examples of the use of terror to enforce the will of the Totalitarian – slave labor camps in USSR, Mussolini’s Secret Police, and the Holocaust in Germany

17. Say, Mean, Matter Charisma One Party Rule
A quality about a leader that makes people eager to follow him or her.
Only one political party is allowed to exist. It has complete power.

18. Say, Mean, Matter Economic Control Extreme Nationalism
The state decides what will be made and sold.
The belief by a group of people that their country is better than any other country.

19. TYPES OF TOTALITARIAN LEADERS…
Fascist Totalitarian
Nazi Totalitarian
Communist Totalitarian
Militarist Totalitarian

20. FASCIST TOTALITARIAN
Political movement that consists of strong, centralized government headed by powerful dictator
Emphasized the state over individuals
Protect private property but control production
Fascists hate communists and democracies.
One political party = fascist

21. Italy -Fascist Totalitarian
Benito Mussolini
Italy -Fascist Totalitarian
"Everything within the state, nothing against the state, nothing outside the state." The masses should only "believe, obey and fight." ~Mussolini

22. Spain -Fascist Totalitarian
Francisco Franco
Spain -Fascist Totalitarian

23. NAZI TOTALITARIAN
Emphasis on racism
Political Party = Nazis
Note: Hitler’s Germany was also Facist…

24. Hitler Germany- Nazi Totalitarian

25. COMMUNIST TOTALITARIAN
Collective ownership & centralized state planning
One party system - communist
Feared fascist dictators

26. USSR -Communist Totalitarian
Joseph Stalin
USSR -Communist Totalitarian

27. Militarist TOTALITARIAN
Strong military
Economy supports increasing size and strength of military
Aggressive Expansionism
Aggressive militaristic actions (atrocities in war)
Revered by the people… “Godlike”
Extreme nationalism

28. Emperor Hirohito & Hideki Tojo
Hideki Tojo, Military Leader of Japan
Japan had an emperor, but the military took control of the government
Emperor Hirohito could not stand up to the powerful generals, but he was worshipped by the people, who often fought in his name
Industrialization of Japan, lending to a drive for raw materials…spurs aggressive expansion
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan