2. BIOLOGY 1300 CHAPTERS 8, 9 & 10 DNA, RNA, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS MITOSIS, MEIOSIS, AND GENETICS

3. DNA and RNA DNA NUCLEOTIDES ADENINE THYMINE GUANINE CYTOSINE RNA NUCLEOTIDES ADENINE URACIL GUANINE CYTOSINE

4. A NUCEOTIDE CONTAINS: SUGAR—PENTOSE DNA—DEOXYRIBOSE RNA—RIBOSE PHOSPHATE NITROGENOUS BASE PURINES ADENINE, GUANINE PYRIMIDINES THYMINE, URACIL, CYTOSINE

5. THE CENTRAL DOGMA DNA-REPLICATES BY SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION DNA-FORMS RNA BY TRANSCRIPTION RNA MAKES PROTEINS BY TRANSLATION [SEE PAGES 152-153]

6. DNA HELD IN PLACE: PROKARYOTIC CELLS HU PROTEINS EUKARYOTIC CELLS HISTONES WHICH WIND AROUND THE DNA TO FORM NUCLEOSOMES

7. DNA POLYMERASE ATTACHES THE NUCLEOTIDES TOGETHER DURING SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION TO FORM THE NEW DNA STRANDS

8. CHROMOSOME TWISTED DNA HELD TOGETHER BY HISTONES TELOMERES ARE THE ENDS OF THE CHROMOSOME— AS THESE ARE LOST THE CELL AGES

9. DNA CODES INITIATOR OR START CODE— TAC ON DNA TERMINATOR OR STOP CODE ON DNA —ATT, ATC, OR ACT WHAT ARE THESE ON MRNA ? [CODONS]

10. GENES SECTIONS OF DNA WHICH CODE FOR CERTAIN PROTEINS, ETC. OF THE CELL USUALLY IN A CERTAIN POSITION ON THE CHROMOSOME TRANSPOSONS ARE ‘JUMPING GENES’ WHICH MOVE AROUND ON THE SAME CHROMOSOME OR TO OTHER CHROMOSOMES MUTATIONS ARE CHANGES IN GENES SEE PAGES 158-160 FOR THE DIFFERENT TYPES]

11. STAGES OF MITOSIS —Somatic cell division [One division--final cells have the 2n or diploid number of chromosomes INTERPHASE PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE

12. MEIOSIS—REDUCTION DIVISION [Two divisions-- the final cells have the n or haploid number of chromosomes] OOGENESIS UNEQUAL DIVISION OF CYTOPLASM RESULTS IN 4 CELLS—1LARGE EGG AND 3 SMALL POLAR BODIES [Only the egg is capable of being fertilized] SPERMATOGENESIS HAS EQUAL DIVISION OF THE CYTOPLASM RESULTING IN 4 CELLS OF EQUAL SIZE