2. British Literature January 21, 2015

3. Complete the “Literary Analysis: British Literature Pre-Assessment.” If you do not know the answer to a question, respond with your best educated guess. When you are finished, take out your rough draft and journal. WARM-UP – 1/22/2015

4. Students will be able to demonstrate mastery of the literary terms and analysis applied to Hamlet in their essays. HOW? Lecture Notes Hamlet Workshop – Part Two Irony in Hamlet Assignment OBJECTIVES

5. Denotation (Dictionary Definition) Connotation (Complex feelings, associations, and connections that evolve from human usage). Example – Plump and fat have the same denotation. Plump has a positive connotation and fat has a negative connotation. Formal vs. Informal vs. Slang They are not perturbed. (formal) They aren’t mad. (informal) They ain’t ticked. (slang) DICTION (AKA WORD CHOICE)

6. 1.Let’s go get some dinner. 2.It is vital to understand the text one reads. 3.Computers are a pain in the neck. 4.The Mona Lisa looks weird from up close. 5.Pickett’s charge at the Battle of 6.Gettysburg was surely an awe-inspiring sight. http://www.wheaton.edu/Academics/Services/Writing-Center/Writing-Resources/Style-Diction-Tone-and- Voice ARE THE SENTENCES BELOW FORMAL, INFORMAL, OR SLANG?

8. 1.The leader was his nation’s most (notorious, well-known, famous) advocate. 2.Immigrants (thronged, flocked, swarmed) to the large cities. 3.Where did you find that (outfit, get-up, attire)? http://www.wheaton.edu/Academics/Services/Writing-Center/Writing- Resources/Style-Diction-Tone-and-Voice HOW DOES DICTION CHANGE THE TONE? Choose the word that makes each sentence the most negative.

9. Among the rain And lights I saw the figure 5 In gold On a red Firetruck Moving Tense Unheeded To gong clangs Siren howls And wheels rumbling Through the dark city. In the rain And lights I watched the figure 5 In yellow On a red Firetruck Driving Stiff Unrecognized To loud noises Siren beeps And wheels moving Through the city at night. ANALYZE THE DICTION IN “THE GREAT FIGURE”

10. Syntax is the arrangement of words and sentence structure. We are going to read a poem about syntax, that also illustrates the power of syntax, by Gary Provost called “This Sentence Has Five Words.” SYNTAX

12. Among the rain And lights I saw the figure 5 In gold On a red Firetruck Moving Tense Unheeded To gong clangs Siren howls And wheels rumbling Through the dark city. I saw a figure 5 in the rain. It was gold. It was on a red firetruck. It moved stiffly and unnoticed with loud noises. The wheels moved through the city at night. ANALYZE THE SYNTAX IN “THE GREAT FIGURE.” Drenched in gold, I peered through the rain and lights to see the figure 5 moving tense, unheeded to the gong clangs. The siren howls. The wheels rumble. The city is dark.

13. BASIC ELEMENTS OF EVERY SENTENCE SUBJECTPREDICATE

14. BASIC ELEMENTS Mary plays tennis. SUBJECT PREDICATE

15. SIMPLE SENTENCE We went to San Juan. Pronoun Verb Simple subjectComplete predicate Prepositional phrase

16. SIMPLE SENTENCE Mary plays tennis. SUBJECT PREDICATE one subject one predicate

17. COMPOUND SENTENCE We went to San Juan, and most of us danced all night. SubjectVerb Coordinating Conjunction Predicate Verb Prepositional phrase Modifying phraseSubject

18. COMPOUND SENTENCE USE OF COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS SUBJECTPREDICATE SUBJECTPREDICATE Either a conjunction or a semi-colon. If you have a comma, then it is a comma splice.

19. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO

20. “If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361). SEMICOLONS

21. PUNCTUATING COMPOUND SENTENCES IN YOUR ESSAY Tom has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic. Read through your essay. Do you have any two independent clauses connected with only a comma? Fix It! Use a semi-colon. Use a conjunction (in most cases with a comma)

22. COMPLEX SENTENCE Since my friends and I wanted to have fun, we went to San Juan yesterday. A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that can stand alone and another one that cannot. The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the sentence by a subordinating conjunction

23. COMPLEX SENTENCE Since we wanted to have fun, we went to San Juan yesterday. Predicate Subject Subordinating Conjunction Part that cannot stand alone

24. COMPLEX SENTENCE SUBJECTPREDICATE SUBJECTPREDICATE even though

25. COMPLEX SENTENCE Bobis popular heis ugly. even though

26. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether,” and while."

27. One Method to Revise Dropped Quotes One Method to Revise Dropped Quotes 1. Look over your essay to locate a dropped quote (or “quote vomit”) 2. Revise the introduction to the quote using subordinate conjunctions and portion quotes.

28. STEP 1: Read and annotate the essay. STEP 2: Edit the essay paying attention to sentence structure: identify run-ons, comma splices, fragments. STEP 3: Check each in-text citation: “Quote” (I.ii.65-67). STEP 4: Review the guidelines for MLA format below. SWITCH YOUR ESSAY WITH A PARTNER. AND FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS Your font must be 12pt in Times New Roman double- spaced.

29. IRONY IS NOT COINCIDENCE. IRONY IS ALL ABOUT EXPECTATIONS. IRONY = OPPOSITE OF EXPECTATION VERBAL Opposite of what someone has said is meant SITUATIONAL The outcome is opposite of what is expected DRAMATIC The audience knows more about the situation than the characters IRONY

30. Opposite of what someone has said is meant. It is intentional to say one thing and mean the opposite. “Soft like concrete” “Clear like mud” “Pleasant like a root canal” Verbal irony sounds sarcastic but the purpose of sarcasm is to cause pain or harm. Verbal irony is just to imply the opposite meaning. Sarcasm can be a form of verbal irony but verbal irony is not necessarily sarcastic. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiR-bnCHIYo VERBAL IRONY VS. SARCASM

31. Situational irony occurs only when the exact opposite of what is meant to happen, happens. When you wash your car and then it rains…Is that ironic? There MUST be something that leads a person to think that a particular event or situation is unlikely happen for it to be ironic. When a meteorologist washes their car and it gets rained on would be ironic because a meteorologist would expect it to be sunny since it is his/her job to predict the weather. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqg6RO8c_W0 SITUATIONAL IRONY IS NOT JUST COINCIDENCE.

32. The audience knows more about the situation than the characters. This form of irony is used as a tool for engaging the audience by building curiosity about what will happen since the audience knows something that the characters don’t. By allowing the reader and audience to know more things ahead of the characters, the irony puts the reader and audience above the characters and encourages them to hope, to fear, and anticipate the moment when the character would find out the truth behind the situations and events of the story. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZFYuX84n1U DRAMATIC IRONY

33. What is the assignment? You are going to create a visual representation of some irony or an ironic moment in Hamlet. Be careful as what you choose to depict is not coincidence, but truly irony—THE OPPOSITE OF EXPECTATIONS.Requirements You must include at least two quotes (with proper in-text citations) from Hamlet that exemplify the irony. Your depiction of irony is due on Monday, if you do not finish in class (which all of you should do). HAMLET IRONY ASSIGNMENT

34. Your final draft is due tomorrow, Friday (January 23 rd ). Your final draft is due tomorrow, Friday (January 23 rd ). Your essay must be in MLA format or it will not be considered for grading. Your Hamlet irony assignment is due on Monday if you did not finish in class today. HOMEWORK