1. Greece: Humanism and the Speculative Leap (ca. 3000–332 B.C.E.)
Chapter 4
Greece: Humanism and the Speculative Leap
(ca. 3000–332 B.C.E.)

2. Bronze Age (Aegean) Civilizations
Minoan culture
Centered on the island of Crete
Linear A and B writing
Mycenaean civilization
Fortified cities on the Greek mainland
Traditional enemies of Troy
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The Heroic Age
Homer and the Iliad
Epic poem about events during the Trojan War
The Greek gods
Pantheon of multiple deities
Zeus and Hera as supreme couple
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4. The Greek City-State and the Persian Wars
Polis
Independent Greek city-state of which in the region there were about 200
The Persian Wars
Battle of Marathon
Defeat of Persian armada at Salamis
Herodotus
World’s first documented historian
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5. Athens and the Greek Golden Age
From oligarchy to democracy
Pericles’ glorification of Athens
The Olympic Games
Greek drama
Festivals to worship Dionysus
Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes
The individual and the community
Sophocles’ Antigone
Aristotle on tragedy
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6. Greek Philosophy: The Speculative Leap
Naturalist philosophy: pre-Socratics
Thales; Heraclitus
Leucippus; Democritus
Pythagoras; Hippocrates
Humanist philosophy
the Sophists
Socrates and the quest for virtue
Dialectical method
The nature of virtue
The Crito
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7. Greek Philosophy (continued)
Plato
The Theory of Forms
The just society (Republic)
Aristotle
The empirical method
The science of logic
The golden mean
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