1. Theories of Management
Classical
Behavioral
Management Science
Systems Theory
Sociotechnical Theory
Contingency Theory 1

2. I. Classical School ( )
Emphasized a rational, scientific approach to study of management and sought to make organizations efficient operating machines
Scientific Management
Administrative /Bureaucratic Organizations 3

3. Scientific Management
Develop a standard method for performing each job
Select appropriate workers
Train workers in standard method
Plan work and eliminate interruptions
Provide incentives for increased output. 4

4. Scientific Management Pioneers
*Frederick W. Taylor: Father of Scientific Mgt.
*Frank & Lillian Gilbreth: (Time & motion studies and many mgt. and HR techniques)
*Henry Gantt: Gantt Charts 5

5. Administrative Principles
*Henri Fayol: Father of Administrative Mgt.
Principles of Management
Five basic management functions
Planning, Organizing. Commanding, Coordinating, Controlling
* Chester Barnard: Authority and Power
* Mary Parker Follet: Human Relations 7

6. Bureaucratic Organizations
*Max Weber: Father of Bureaucracy
Clearly defined formal authority and responsibility 6

7. II. Behavioral Theory (1924- )
*Elton Mayo: Hawthorne Studies and the
Hawthorne Effect!
*Abraham Maslow: Need Hierarchy
*Douglas McGregor: Theory X and Y 14

8. Behavioral Science Approach application of social sciences
Anthropology
Economics
Psychology
Sociology
Motivation
Communication
Leadership
Group processes 21

9. III. Management Science (1940-)
Management information systems (MIS).
Forecasting
Inventory control
Linear and nonlinear programming
Queuing theory
Scheduling
Simulation
Breakeven analysis 22

10. IV. Systems Theory (1950s-) Inputs Outputs Transformation
* Products/services * Profits/losses * Employee satisfaction
*Human resources *Financial resources *Physical resources *Informational 24

11. V. Sociotechnical Theory (1950s/1960s-)
Sociotechnical Systems (STS) 23

12. Contingency Theory (1960s/1970s-)
Case View: “Every situation is unique”
Contingency View: Organizational phenomena exist in logical patterns. Managers devise and apply similar responses to common types of problems
Universalist: “One best way” 25

13. Comparing Theories