3. In power from 1929 to 2000. 72 years of power: Anyone could join Picking successors No specific ideology – “Adaptability and survival instinct of a living creature” Strict father vs. rich uncle Electoral fraud when all else failed The end of the PRI “club-house”: 1969 massacre of student protestors 1985 Mexico City earthquake Suspected electoral fraud in 1988 – political opposition became most notable from 1988 onwards Economic crashes in 1982 and 1994-95 Tax system, land division was an agricultural disaster 2 Mexicos: north and south

4. The 9-fingered president 1994: economic disaster Lost majority in 1997: “Following the mid-1997 mayoral and legislative balloting, the PRI appeared to have one foot in the grave and another on a a banana peel.” Consultas (primaries) to select PRI presidential candidates - Labastida Legacy: preparing Mexico for sustainable growth, demanding cleaner elections, changing PRI’s nominating procedure.

5. 1977: Portillo – Federal Law of Political Organizations and Political Processes 1989: Salinas allowed for PAN victory in Baja Califronia 1990: NAFTA – “Political glasnost complemented the economic perestroika” 1990: Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) 1996 constitutional reforms: electoral law adjusted, autonomous IFE, more powerful federal court 1997: No PRI majority in Chamber of Deputies 1999: 1st primary to choose PRI successor - Labastida

6. Party Relative majorityProportional representation Votes% % Institutional Revolutionary Party11,311,96 3 39.1111,445,85239.11 National Action Party7,696,79726.617,792,29026.63 Party of the Democratic Revolution 7,436,46825.717,519,91425.70 Ecologist Green Party of Mexico 1,105,9223.621,116,4633.82 Labor Party749,2312.59756,4362.58 Partido Cardenista324,2651.12327,6811.12 Mexican Democratic Party191,8210.66193,9900.66 Popular Socialist Party97,4730.3498,3910.34 None844,762855,227 Total29,771,91 1 100.0 0 30,120,221100.00

7. Party Votes% Institutional Revolutionary Party11,279,16738.50 National Action Party7,880,96626.90 Party of the Democratic Revolution 7,569,89525.84 Ecologist Green Party of Mexico1,180,8044.03 Labor Party745,2792.54 Partido Cardenista335,3991.14 Mexican Democratic Party193,3400.66 Popular Socialist Party95,7190.33 None871,326 Total30,151,895100.00

9. 42.52% 15,989,636 votes

10. 36.11% 13,579,718 votes

11. 16.64% 6,256,780 votes

12. ·”Fox, known as the `Marlboro Man´ because of his 6-foot-5-inch height and craggy good looks” ·Fox’s triumph marked a new era, after 72 years of PRI in power: “New Era in Mexico” ERRORS ·Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) ·Violence, protests,etc ·Political and economical monopoly ACHIEVEMENTS ·economic stability, low inflation, low interest rates, stable currency and constant but moderate growth ·No blunt repression ·Immigration & human rights

13. Party/AllianceCandidateSlogan National Action Party Felipe Calderón Para que vivamos mejor "So we can live better" Coalition for the Good of All Coalition for the Good of All (PRD, PT, Convergence)PRDPTConvergence Andrés Manuel López Obrador Por el bien de todos, primero los pobres "For the Good of All, the poor are first" Alliance for MexicoAlliance for Mexico (PRI, PVEM)PRI PVEM Roberto Madrazo Mover a México para que las cosas se hagan "Moving Mexico to get things done" Social Democratic and Peasant Alternative Party Patricia Mercado Castro Palabra de mujer "A woman's word" New Alliance Party Roberto Campa Cifrián Uno de tres "One out of three"

14. 35.89% 15,000,284 votes

15. 35.31% 14,756,350 votes

16. 22.26% 9,301,441 votes

17. 2.70% 1,128,850 votes

18. ██ PAN ██ PRD 1.AguascalientesAguascalientes 2.Baja CaliforniaBaja California 3.Baja California SurBaja California Sur 4.CampecheCampeche 5.ChiapasChiapas 6.ChihuahuaChihuahua 7.CoahuilaCoahuila 8.ColimaColima 9.DurangoDurango 10.GuanajuatoGuanajuato 11.GuerreroGuerrero 12.HidalgoHidalgo 13.JaliscoJalisco 14.MéxicoMéxico 15.MichoacánMichoacán 16.MorelosMorelos 17.NayaritNayarit 18.Nuevo LeónNuevo León 19.OaxacaOaxaca 20.PueblaPuebla 21.QuerétaroQuerétaro 22.Quintana RooQuintana Roo 23.San Luis PotosíSan Luis Potosí 24.SinaloaSinaloa 25.SonoraSonora 26.TabascoTabasco 27.TamaulipasTamaulipas 28.TlaxcalaTlaxcala 29.VeracruzVeracruz 30.YucatánYucatán 31.ZacatecasZacatecas Distrito Federal

20. Parties and/or coalitionsVotes%FP P PR Total seats National Action Party13,845,12133.4113769206 Coalition for the Good of AllPRD 12,013,36428.99 9136127 CV51217 PT21012 No party011 Alliance for MexicoPRI 11,676,58528.18 6541106 PVEM017 New Alliance Party1,883,4764.55099 Social Democratic and Peasant Alternative Party 850,9892.05044 Total41,435,934100.0 0 30020 0 500 Source: Chamber of DeputiesChamber of Deputies

21. Parties and/or coalitionsVotes%FPPFMPR Total seats National Action Party14,035,50333.633291152 Coalition for the Good of AllPRD 12,397,00829.70 224531 PT0033 CV0022 Alliance for MexicoPRI 11,681,39527.99 1019635 PVEM0044 New Alliance1,688,1984.040011 Social Democratic and Peasant Alternative Party 795,7301.910000 Total41,739,188100.06432 128 Source: SenateSenate

22. 1.Is competition what Mexico needs? 2.How should the election fraud be handled? 3.Consider: Mexican voters will become fed up with self- serving politicians and turn to a strong national figure (as Chávez in Venezuela) 4.Was the opening up of the political system (with the PAN’s victory) beneficial to Mexico? 5.How have the results of the 2000 elections impacted voters?

23. 1.Is competition what Mexico needs? 2.How should the election fraud be handled? 3.Consider: Mexican voters will become fed up with self- serving politicians and turn to a strong national figure (as Chávez in Venezuela) 4.Was the opening up of the political system (with the PAN’s victory) beneficial to Mexico? 5.How have the results of the 2000 elections impacted voters?