1. SER vs. ESTAR

2. Estar and Ser are both Spanish verbs that can be loosely translated into English as “to be.” While estar is used to describe temporary conditions, ser is used to describe permanent states. Estar and Ser are both Spanish verbs that can be loosely translated into English as “to be.” While estar is used to describe temporary conditions, ser is used to describe permanent states. English

3. ESTAR Describing temporary states Describing temporary states P osition Location Action Condition Emotion

4. Position Position is the physical position or posture a person or thing is in. Position is the physical position or posture a person or thing is in. Example: Example: El libro está en la mesa. El libro está en la mesa. Mi abuela está sentada. Mi abuela está sentada.

5. Location The location of someone or something describes where it is permanently, temporarily, actually, or conceptually. The location of someone or something describes where it is permanently, temporarily, actually, or conceptually. Example Example Yo estoy en mi casa. Yo estoy en mi casa. El museo está en la ciudad. El museo está en la ciudad.

6. Action Estar is used to describe an ongoing action using the present progressive tense. Estar is used to describe an ongoing action using the present progressive tense. Example: Example: Tú estás trabajando a la escuela. Tú estás trabajando a la escuela. Estamos leyendo unas novelas. Estamos leyendo unas novelas.

7. Condition Physical and mental conditions are described using estar. Physical and mental conditions are described using estar. Example: Example: Ellos están enfermos hoy. Ellos están enfermos hoy. Mi madre está loca. Mi madre está loca.

8. Emotion How a person is feeling at a certain moment is described using estar. How a person is feeling at a certain moment is described using estar. Example Example Sergio está triste hoy. Sergio está triste hoy. Ella está contenta. Ella está contenta.

9. SER Permanent/long-term attributes of a noun Permanent/long-term attributes of a noun Description Occupation Characteristic Time Origin Relationship

10. Description For description, think of what you would say if someone asked you "What´s he like?" These are the essential qualities that define a person and probably won´t change. They can be a name or a physical description. For description, think of what you would say if someone asked you "What´s he like?" These are the essential qualities that define a person and probably won´t change. They can be a name or a physical description. Example: Example: Yo soy Raúl. Yo soy Raúl. Yo soy alta y delgada. Yo soy alta y delgada.

11. Occupation Occupations are seen as life-long careers and are therefore seen as more "permanent" than many people would think in the United States. Occupations are seen as life-long careers and are therefore seen as more "permanent" than many people would think in the United States. Note: Notice that the indefinite articles un, una, unos, and unas are omitted when describing an occupation after the verb ser. Note: Notice that the indefinite articles un, una, unos, and unas are omitted when describing an occupation after the verb ser. Examples: Examples: Yo soy un estudiante. Yo soy un estudiante. Mi padre es médico. Mi padre es médico.

12. Characteristic Characteristics are personality descriptions of a person. These would probably be the second thing you say to "What´s he like?” Characteristics are personality descriptions of a person. These would probably be the second thing you say to "What´s he like?” Examples: Examples: Amalia es inteligente. Amalia es inteligente. Mi amigo es cómico. Mi amigo es cómico.

13. Time Time includes days, dates, and hours. For hours, use es for one o´clock and son for all other hours. Time includes days, dates, and hours. For hours, use es for one o´clock and son for all other hours. Examples: Examples: Hoy es lunes. Hoy es lunes. Son las dos de la tarde. Son las dos de la tarde.

14. Origin As the place a person is from or the material something is made from is not going to change we use ser for origin. As the place a person is from or the material something is made from is not going to change we use ser for origin. Examples: Examples: Celia es de España. Celia es de España. Mi libro es de papel. Mi libro es de papel.

15. Relationship/Religion Even after someone dies or someone breaks up, relationships are described using ser. Also, since religion is considered a relationship with a higher power, religions are also described using ser. Even after someone dies or someone breaks up, relationships are described using ser. Also, since religion is considered a relationship with a higher power, religions are also described using ser. Examples: Examples: Linda es mi madre. Linda es mi madre. Yo soy católico. Yo soy católico.