1. Present Subjunctive En español

2. The Present Subjunctive Here are some examples of the subjunctive in English: If I were rich, I would live in Hawaii. I were = subjunctive The teacher recommends that he study every night. He study = subjunctive The prescription requires that she take 2 aspirins. She take = subjunctive Is not a tense, but rather a mood. Tense refers to when an action takes place in the past, present or future. A mood reflects how the speaker feels about the action. We do not use it very often in English. However, it is frequently used in Spanish.

3. We have studied the INDICATIVE mood so far. It is used to express factual information, certainty and objectivity. Usted va a Chile en diciembre. You are going to Chile in December. The sentence simply reports that fact that you are going to Chile in December, therefore using the indicative mood.

4. No dudo que usted va a Chile en diciembre. Now, we’ve added the clause “no dudo.” It introduces a quality of CERTAINTY. The speaker has no doubt, so the indicative is used in the first clause – No dudo and in the second clause – va.

5. The subjunctive mood is used to express everything except certainty and objectivity. For example, DOUBT, UNCERTAINTY, SUBJECTIVITY, etc. Dudo que usted vaya a Chile en diciembre. The clause “dudo” introduces a quality of uncertainty. The speaker has a degree of doubt, so the subjunctive mood is used in the second clause – vaya. The main clause is in the indicative. The dependent or “que” clause is in the subjunctive, expressing doubt.

6. Here are basic steps to help you form the subjunctive: 1. Start with the YO form of the present indicative. 2. Drop the –o. 3. Add the opposite ending -er and –ir -a -amos -as -áis -a -an -ar -e-emos -es-éis -e-en

7. How do I know? indicative Certainty Objective fact There is no doubt I know subjunctive I want – indicates the speaker is not certain I hope It is possible It’s good It’s important

8. Verbs with spelling changes in the indicative, have them in the subjunctive, too. Escoger (to choose) Escojaescojamos Escojasescojáis Escojaescojan Exigir (to demand) Exijaexijamos Exijasexijáis Exijaexijan

9. Verbs that end in –guir change gu to g. Extinguir (to extinguish) Extingaextinguamos Extingasextingáis Extingaextingan

10. -car, -gar, -zar verbs change, too! -car to qu explique -gar to gu llegue -zar to c empece Special note: these forms look like the preterite without accent marks. No stress is needed for pronunciaion.

11. Don’t forget about the –go verbs. tener tenga hacer haga traer poner ponga traiga

12. p. 147 in workbook for irregulars

13. Helpful sites: http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/subj1.htm