1. NOUNS & ARTICLES (DEFINITE & INDEFINITE)
SUSTANTIVOS
Y ARTÍCULOS
DEFINITIVOS E INDEFINIDOS

2. Masculine (masculino) Feminine (femenina)
In Spanish all nouns belong to 2 gender categories:
_______________ or ________________
Masculine (masculino)
Feminine (femenina)

3. Masculine nouns USUALLY end in -___ - Feminine nouns USUALLY end in -___
el sombrero
la fruta A

4. ____________ nouns name 1 of something.
SINGULAR
____________ nouns name 1 of something.
the girl
the student
the apple
_____________ nouns name more than 1 of something.
the girls
the students
the apples
PLURAL

5. VOWEL
If a noun ends in a _________ (a,e,i,o,u) ADD _____ to make it plural.
chico  chicos
If a singular noun ends in a _______________ (r,l,n..)  ADD _____ to make it plural.
profesor profesores
“S”
CONSONANT
“ES”

6. A practicar chico  ________________ chica  ________________
escuela  ________________
alumno  ________________
persona  ________________
Profesor  ________________
clase  ________________
chicos
chicas
escuelas
alumnos
personas
profesores
clases

7. Definite Articles “the”
When we want to say _______ in Spanish, we use Definite Articles.
Definite Articles ______________ according to the ___________ of the noun and according to whether the noun is __________ or __________
CHANGE
gender
singular
plural

8. Definite Articles: the
MASCULINE
FEMININE
SINGULAR
PLURAL EL LA
LOS
LAS

9. A practicar la alumna  ________________ el amigo  ________________
la semana  ________________
el estudiante ________________
la estudiante ________________
la escuela  ________________
las alumnas
los amigos
las semanas
los estudiantes
las estudiantes
las escuelas

10. Indefinite Articles “a” “an” “some” CHANGE gender plural singular
When we want to say ____, ____, or________ in Spanish, we use Indefinite Articles.
Indefinite Articles also ______________ according to the ___________ of the noun and according to whether the noun is __________ or __________
“some”
CHANGE
gender
plural
singular

11. Indefinite Articles: a/some
MASCULINE
FEMININE
SINGULAR
PLURAL UN
UNA
UNOS
UNAS

12. A practicar un amigo  ________________ una amiga  ________________
un colegio  ________________
un sombrero  ________________
una pizza  ________________
una fiesta  ________________
unos amigos
unas amigas
unos colegios
unos sombreros
unas pizzas
unas fiestas

13. LETS REVIEW

14. Apuntes: plurales The Rule:
If it ends with a vowel, add “s”.
If it ends with a consonant, add “es”.
The same rule applies to any adjectives you have to pluralize with the noun.
Las clases fáciles
Los profesores locos
Articles:
El Los Un Unos
La Las Una Unas
Sometimes, we’ll have to add or drop accent marks. We’ll cover that when we learn the main rules of pronunciation.
El camión, Los camiones
El examen, Los exámenes
Another rule:
If a noun ends in a -z, change the z to c before adding -es.
El lápiz, Los lápices
El pez, Los peces
Una vez, Muchas veces
Exceptions:
The exceptions generally come from words that were adopted from other languages and you’ll find them easy to recognize. Los jeans. Los robots.

15. You will be tested on this (: