1. o Reactor antineutrinos in the world V. Chubakov 1, F. Mantovani 1, B. Ricci 1, J. Esposito 2, L. Ludhova 3 and S. Zavatarelli 4 1 Dip. di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Ferrara and INFN-Ferrara, Italy 2 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Padova, Italy 3 INFN- Milano, Italy 4 INFN- Genova, Italy The High Energy Region (HER) has to be controlled by studying the different contributions from the nuclear reactors, if one wants to disentangle N geo- and N react in the Low Energy Region (LER) Signal Calculations Result: a world wide map Total uncertainties on predicted signal is about 5%, coming from mixing, anti -spectrum, fuel composition and thermal power Reactor signal in Low Energy Region, for different sites. React. signal and geo neutrino detection Conclusions and perspectives We calculated reactor anti- e signal all over the world, by taking into account updated data on nuclear plants, anti- e spectrum and e oscillation parameters. We compare reactor signal with geo-neutrino signal for different places in the world. Study of time variation of reactor signal is also possible (± 10% variation in summer/winter). Detailed study on the effect of exhausted fuel must be completed (we estimate a 2% increase in the signal). We calculated reactor anti- e signal all over the world, by taking into account updated data on nuclear plants, anti- e spectrum and e oscillation parameters. We compare reactor signal with geo-neutrino signal for different places in the world. Study of time variation of reactor signal is also possible (± 10% variation in summer/winter). Detailed study on the effect of exhausted fuel must be completed (we estimate a 2% increase in the signal). 1 3 5 6 Reactor antineutrinos are the main source of background in the detection of geo-neutrinos (i.e. anti- e from 238 U and 232 Th decay chains, present in the Earth interior) 3.31.8 [MeV] E 8 Why reactor antineutrinos ? d i =reactor distance d i =reactor distance P i =thermal power P i =thermal power LF= Load Factor [1] LF= Load Factor [1] p k = power fraction p k = power fraction Q k =energy released for fission [4] Q k =energy released for fission [4] k =reactor anti- neutrino spectrum [5] k =reactor anti- neutrino spectrum [5] P ee =  oscillation survival probability [2] P ee =  oscillation survival probability [2]  (E  )= cross section  (E  )= cross section anti- e +p -> e + +n E th =1.806 MeV [3] PHYSICS DETECTO REACTOR Many ingredients: neutrino physics, nuclear physics, reactor properties… Sites React. LER [TNU] Geo  (G) [6] [TNU] R LER /G FREJUS 138 (1±5%) 43±133.2 SUDBURY 47 “ 47 “51±100.92 GRAN SASSO 23 “ 23 “41±80.56 PYHASALMI 19 “ 19 “51±80.37 BAKSAN 9.8 “ 9.8 “51±80.19 DUSEL 8.0 “ 8.0 “53±80.15 KAMIOKA 6.7 “ 6.7 “34±60.20 CURACAO 2.5 “ 2.5 “32±60.078 HAWAII 0.90 “ 0.90 “12±40.073 Bibliography: [1] courtesy by J. Mandula,IAEA, International Atomic Energy Agency 2012. [4] M. Apollonio et al., Eur. Phys. J. C27, 331 (2003) [2]G.L. Fogli et al., Phys. Rev. D 84, 053007 (2011)[5]Th. A Mueller et al., Phys.Rev.C83:054615 (2011) [3]F.Vissani and A. Strumia, Phys.Lett.B564:42-54 (2003)[6]G. Fiorentini et al., Phys.Rept.453:117-172 (2007) NUCLEAR k = 235 U, 238 U, 239 Pu, 241 Pu (nuclear fuel) 4 Frejus requires a detailed knowledge of closeby reactors. Kamioka is at the moment a very good site. Hawaii and Curacao are ‘wonderful’ places also for geo- study. Frejus requires a detailed knowledge of closeby reactors. Kamioka is at the moment a very good site. Hawaii and Curacao are ‘wonderful’ places also for geo- study. Neutrino 2012 June 3-9, 2012 Kyoto, Japan R.B.  =100% efficiency  =100% efficiency  = 1 year  = 1 year N p =10 32 target protons kton liquid scintillator) N p =10 32 target protons (  1kton liquid scintillator) DETECTOR Reactor antineutrino events all over the world 32 [1 TNU=1 event/ 10 32 target protons /year] Current status http://pris.iaea.org/public/ Japan cores switched off 394 333 215 Nuclear power plants in the world 2 Total Thermal Power =1023 GW PWR BWRPHWR GCR LWGRFBR % Total Thermal Power 63; 17% 249; 69% 47; 7.7% 18; 2.6% 15; 3.5% 2;  1 % PWRPressurized (light) Water Reactor BWRBoiling Water Reactor PHWRPressurized Heavy Water Reactor GCR Gas Cooled Reactor LWGR Light Water Graphite mod. FBR Fast Breeder Reactor