1. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-1 Il futuro semplice To form the simple future (il futuro semplice), drop the final –e of the infinitive and add the future ending. For –are verbs, change the –a– of the infinitive ending to –e–. The future

2. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-2 The future cantareprnderedormirepunire canterò canterai canterà canteremo canterete canteranno prenderò prenderai prenderà prenderemo prenderete prenderanno dormirò dormirai dormirà dormiremo dormirete dormiranno punirò punirai punirà puniremo punirete puniranno Domani, dormiremo dodici ore! Tomorrow we will sleep twelve hours! Chi canterà al teatro domani? Who will sing at the theater tomorrow?

3. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-3 To maintain the hard sound, insert an -h- after the -c- or -g- of verbs ending in –care and –gare. Lui pagherà i biglietti e io pagherò lalbergo. He will pay for the tickets and I will pay for the hotel. Non dimenticheranno mai la nascita del loro figlio. They will never forget the birth of their son. The future

4. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-4 Drop the -i- of the stem of verbs ending in –ciare, –giare, and –sciare. Comincerete a fare i compiti alle tre. You will begin to do your homework at three. Mio marito non mi lascerà mai. My husband will never leave me. The future

5. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-5 Some verbs have irregular stems in the simple future. The verbs dare, fare, and stare retain the –a– of the infinitive in their future stem: dar–, far–, star–. The future stem of essere is sar–. Starai a casa stanotte? Will you stay home tonight? Un giorno sarete meno egoisti. One day you will be less selfish. The future

6. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-6 Irregular verbs drop the characteristic vowel of the infinitive before adding the future endings. andare avere cadere andr- avr- cadr- dovere potere sapere dovr- potr- sapr- vedere vvere vedr- vivr- Mia nonna vivrà con mia zia quando andremo in Francia. My grandmother will live with my aunt when we go to France. The future

7. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-7 ATTENZIONE! Note that verbs like inviare (to send), ravviare (to tidy up), sciare (to ski), and spiare (to spy on) do not drop the -i- of the stem in the future because the -i- is stressed in the first person form of the present tense. (sco). Io scio bene; scierò per la squadra italiana nel 2015. I ski well; I will ski for the Italian team in 2015. The future

8. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-8 The future Some verbs have irregular future stems that end in –rr–. bere parere rimanere berr- parr- rimarr- tenere venire volere terr- verr- vorr- Mia nipote rimarrà con la nostra famiglia questestate. My niece will stay with our family this summer.

9. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-9 The simple future is used to express actions that will happen in the future. Finirò i miei studi nel 2018. I will graduate in 2018. Secondo me, la vecchiaia sarà molto divertente. In my opinion, old age will be really fun. The future

10. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-10 The future ATTENZIONE! The simple future may be used for on-the-spot decisions, statements of concession or predictions. Piove. Non uscirò, guarderò un DVD a casa. Its raining. I wont go out, Ill watch a DVD at home.

11. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-11 The simple future may be used to express probability or speculation. Quanti anni avrà quella signora? How old could that lady be? Avrà 80 anni. She must be 80. The future

12. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-12 The simple future may be used to express a polite command. Pulirai la tua camera, poi andrai allipermercato. (You will) clean your room, then go to the supermarket. The future

13. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-13 The future ATTENZIONE! Some words that are often used with the future are il/la prossimo/a + [expressions of time] and, fra/tra + [expressions of time]. Il prossimo anno, comprerò una casa per la mamma. Next year, I will buy a house for my mom. Credo che fra alcuni minuti pioverà. I think it will rain in a few minutes.

14. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-14 After se, quando, dopo che, (non) appena, and other expressions of time, use the simple future for the main verb and for the verb in the dependent clause, if the action takes place in the future. In English, the verb in the dependent clause is usually in the present tense. Quando arriveremo, metteremo le valige nella camera. When we get there, well put the bags in the room. Se avrà tempo, andrà a comprare il formaggio. If he/she has time, he/she will go buy the cheese. The future

15. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-15 Il futuro anteriore The future perfect (il futuro anteriore) is used to express an action that will have taken place by a particular time in the future. Il futuro anteriore is formed with the future tense of the auxiliary verb avere or essere plus the past participle of the main verb. The future

16. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-16 finirearrivarealzarsi avrò finito avrai finito avrà finito avremo finito avrete finito avranno finito sarò arrivato/a sarai arrivato/a sarà arrivato/a saremo arrivati/e sarete arrivati/e saranno arrivati/e mi sarò alzato/a ti sarai alzato/a si sarà alzato/a ci saremo alzati/e vi sarete alzati/e si saranno alzati/e The future

17. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-17 The future perfect is almost always used with the simple future to indicate that one action will have taken place before another in the future. The future perfect is often introduced by the expressions quando, se, dopo che, (non) appena, etc. Quando avrò preparato il minestrone, mangeremo. When Ive prepared the soup, well eat. Dopo che ci saremo alzati, ci vestiremo. After weve gotten up, we will get dressed. The future

18. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-18 The future ATTENZIONE! With the future perfect, as with other compound tenses, you must follow the rules for past participle agreement, the choice of the auxiliary verb, and word order (with negation and adverbs). Dopo che Gianna sarà uscita, telefonerò a suo fratello. After Gianna has gone out, I will call her brother.

19. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-19 The future Il futuro anteriore may be used to express probability in the past. In English, the same concept is expressed by the use of must have plus the past participle or by the word probably and the simple past tense. Saranno già usciti. They must have already gone out. Avrà stampato la tesi alluniversità. He probably printed his thesis at the university.

20. 5.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 5.3-20 The future ATTENZIONE! In spoken Italian, the futuro anteriore is often replaced by the simple future. Example: Quando farà la torta di spinaci, la metterà sul tavolo. Quando avrà fatto la torta di spinaci, la metterà sul tavolo.