2. AMgryzW dIAW KyqI-bwVI sbMDI nIqI AiDAwpk dw nwm – vIr pwl kOr klws – A`TvIN AiDAwey nM- 12 skUl dw nwm – s.h.s gurny klW

3. pUrv igAwn AMgryzI SwSn kwl dw smW kdoN qoN kdoN q`k sI? AMgryzI SwSn kwl dw smW kdoN qoN kdoN q`k sI? AMgryzW ny Bwrq iv`c ikhVy-2 kMm kIqy? AMgryzW ny Bwrq iv`c ikhVy-2 kMm kIqy? AMgryzI SwSn kwl dOrwn BwrqI lokW dw mu`K ik`qw kI sI? AMgryzI SwSn kwl dOrwn BwrqI lokW dw mu`K ik`qw kI sI? AMgryzW ny BwrqI KyqIbwVI leI ikhVIAW- 2 nIqIAW ApxweIAW? AMgryzW ny BwrqI KyqIbwVI leI ikhVIAW- 2 nIqIAW ApxweIAW?

4. AMgryzW dIAW KyqI-bwVI sbMDI nIqI Bwrq iv`c AMgryzW dIAW KyqIbwVI sbMDI nIqIAW dw mu`K audyS Bwrq iv`coN v`D qoN v`D Dn ie`kTw krnw sI[ Bwrq iv`c AMgryzW dIAW KyqIbwVI sbMDI nIqIAW dw mu`K audyS Bwrq iv`coN v`D qoN v`D Dn ie`kTw krnw sI[ lgwn pRxwlI iv`c vI AMgryzW ny ies audyS nMU mu`K r`Kdy hoey Bwrq iv`c v`K-2 lgwn pRxwlIAW lwgU kIqIAW sn[ lgwn pRxwlI iv`c vI AMgryzW ny ies audyS nMU mu`K r`Kdy hoey Bwrq iv`c v`K-2 lgwn pRxwlIAW lwgU kIqIAW sn[

5. auhnW dw mu`K audyS Bwrq iv`coN v`D qoN v`D Dn ie`kTw krnw sI[

6. Tyky qy BUmI dyx dw pRbMD Lwrf vwrn hysitMgz ny lgwn ie`kTw krn leI pMj swlW Tyky dw pRbMD kIqw ijs Anuswr sB qoN v`D bolI dyx vwilAW nMU pMj swlW leI BUmI kr ie`kTw krn dw AiDkwr id`qw igAw[ Lwrf vwrn hysitMgz ny lgwn ie`kTw krn leI pMj swlW Tyky dw pRbMD kIqw ijs Anuswr sB qoN v`D bolI dyx vwilAW nMU pMj swlW leI BUmI kr ie`kTw krn dw AiDkwr id`qw igAw[ 1777 eI. iv`c aus ny pMj swlW Tyky dI QW ie`k swl pRbMD SurU kIqw[ Tykydwr ikswnW nMU bhuq lu`tdy sn[ 1777 eI. iv`c aus ny pMj swlW Tyky dI QW ie`k swl pRbMD SurU kIqw[ Tykydwr ikswnW nMU bhuq lu`tdy sn[ ies krky lwrf kwrnvwils ny 1793 eI: iv`c bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy pRwqW iv`c sQweI bMdobsq pRbMD SurU kIqw[ ies krky lwrf kwrnvwils ny 1793 eI: iv`c bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy pRwqW iv`c sQweI bMdobsq pRbMD SurU kIqw[

7. lwrf vwrn hysitMgz

8. lwrf kwrnvwils

9. sQweI bMdobsq ies pRbMD Anuswr izMmIdwrW nMU hmySw leI BUmI dy mwlk bxw id`qw igAw[ ies pRbMD Anuswr izMmIdwrW nMU hmySw leI BUmI dy mwlk bxw id`qw igAw[ auhnW duAwrw srkwr nMU id`qw jwx vwlw lgwn inSicq kr id`qw[ auhnW duAwrw srkwr nMU id`qw jwx vwlw lgwn inSicq kr id`qw[ izMmIdwr inSicq lgwn dI rwSI srkwrI ^zwny iv`c jmHW krvwauNdy sn[ izMmIdwr inSicq lgwn dI rwSI srkwrI ^zwny iv`c jmHW krvwauNdy sn[ jykr auh iksy kwrx krky Aijhw nhIN krdy sn qW srkwr auhnW dI zmIn dw ku`J ih`sw vyc ky lgwn dI rkm pUrI kr lYNdI sI[ jykr auh iksy kwrx krky Aijhw nhIN krdy sn qW srkwr auhnW dI zmIn dw ku`J ih`sw vyc ky lgwn dI rkm pUrI kr lYNdI sI[

10. izMmIdwr bhuq KuS sn[

11. sQweI bMdobsq dy lwB ies bMdobsq kwrn izMmIdwr BUmI dy mwlk bx gey[ ies bMdobsq kwrn izMmIdwr BUmI dy mwlk bx gey[ eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dI Awmdn inSicq ho geI[ eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dI Awmdn inSicq ho geI[ izMmIdwr AmIr ho gey sn Aqy auhnW ny audXog nMU sQwpq krn Aqy vpwr dw ivkws krn leI Dn Krc kIqw[ izMmIdwr AmIr ho gey sn Aqy auhnW ny audXog nMU sQwpq krn Aqy vpwr dw ivkws krn leI Dn Krc kIqw[ Lgwn dw mslw hmySw leI h`l ho igAw[ Lgwn dw mslw hmySw leI h`l ho igAw[ izMmIdwrW dy XqnW nwl KyqI-bwVI dw bhuq ivkws hoieAw[ izMmIdwrW dy XqnW nwl KyqI-bwVI dw bhuq ivkws hoieAw[

12. izMmIdwrW ny audXog nMU sQwpq kIqy

13. sQweI bMdobsq dy doS izMmIdwr ikswnW au~qy bhuq Aiq`Awcwr krdy sn[ izMmIdwr ikswnW au~qy bhuq Aiq`Awcwr krdy sn[ Srkwr nMU ies nwl AwriQk hwnI hoeI ikauNik aus dI Awmdn qW inSicq sI pRqMU aus dw ^rc v`D irhw sI[ Srkwr nMU ies nwl AwriQk hwnI hoeI ikauNik aus dI Awmdn qW inSicq sI pRqMU aus dw ^rc v`D irhw sI[ krW dw boJ KyqI-bwVI nw krn vwly hor DMdy dy lokW au~qy pYx l`gw[ srkwr dw ikswnW nwl koeI is`Dw sMprk nhIN sI[ krW dw boJ KyqI-bwVI nw krn vwly hor DMdy dy lokW au~qy pYx l`gw[ srkwr dw ikswnW nwl koeI is`Dw sMprk nhIN sI[ sQweI bMdobsq ny bhuq swry izMmIdwrW nMU AwlsI Aqy AYS-psMd bxw id`qw[ sQweI bMdobsq ny bhuq swry izMmIdwrW nMU AwlsI Aqy AYS-psMd bxw id`qw[

14. r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD 1820 eI. iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[ 1820 eI. iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[ ies pRbMD dy Anuswr srkwr ny is`Dw ikswnW qoN BUmI lgwn lYx dw PYslw kIqw[ ies pRbMD dy Anuswr srkwr ny is`Dw ikswnW qoN BUmI lgwn lYx dw PYslw kIqw[ ikswnW nMU zmInW dy mwlk bxw id`qw igAw[ ikswnW nMU zmInW dy mwlk bxw id`qw igAw[ ies pRbMD Anuswr BUmI kr dI rkm hryk 20 qoN 30 swlW ip`CoN vDw id`qI jWdI hY[ ies pRbMD Anuswr BUmI kr dI rkm hryk 20 qoN 30 swlW ip`CoN vDw id`qI jWdI hY[

15. r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD dy lwB ies Anuswr bMdobsq izMmIdwrW dI bjwey is`Dw ikswnW nwl kIqw igAw[ ies Anuswr bMdobsq izMmIdwrW dI bjwey is`Dw ikswnW nwl kIqw igAw[ ikswnW nMU zmInW dy mwlk bxw id`qw igAw[ ikswnW nMU zmInW dy mwlk bxw id`qw igAw[ dUjw, ies pRbMD Anuswr srkwr dI Awmdn iv`c pihlW nwloN vwDw hoieAw[ dUjw, ies pRbMD Anuswr srkwr dI Awmdn iv`c pihlW nwloN vwDw hoieAw[ ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw 40% qoN 55% q`k huMdw sI[ ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw 40% qoN 55% q`k huMdw sI[

16. r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD dy doS r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD ADIn izMmIdwrW dI bjwey srkwr ikswnW dw SoSx krdI sI[ r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD ADIn izMmIdwrW dI bjwey srkwr ikswnW dw SoSx krdI sI[ ikswnW qoN aupj dw kw&I ih`sw lgwn dy rUp iv`c lY ilAw jWdw sI[ ikswnW qoN aupj dw kw&I ih`sw lgwn dy rUp iv`c lY ilAw jWdw sI[ grIb ikswnW nMu lgwn dI rkm Adw krn leI SwhUkwrW qoN krzw lYx bdly AwpxIAW zmInW gihxy r`KxIAW pYNdIAW sn[ grIb ikswnW nMu lgwn dI rkm Adw krn leI SwhUkwrW qoN krzw lYx bdly AwpxIAW zmInW gihxy r`KxIAW pYNdIAW sn[

17. srkwr ikswnW dw SoSx krdI sI

18. mihlvwVI pRbMD ies pRbMD Anuswwr srkwr nMu lgwn dyx dI izMmyvwrI swry BweIcwry dI huMdI sI[ ies pRbMD Anuswwr srkwr nMu lgwn dyx dI izMmyvwrI swry BweIcwry dI huMdI sI[ ieh pRbMD lMby smyN leI kIqw jWdw sI[ ieh pRbMD lMby smyN leI kIqw jWdw sI[ ies pRbMD nMU sB qoN cMgw mMinAw jWdw sI[ ies pRbMD nMU sB qoN cMgw mMinAw jWdw sI[ ies iv`c pihly donW sQweI bMdobsq Aqy r`eIAqvwVI pRbMDW dy gux Swml sn[ ies iv`c pihly donW sQweI bMdobsq Aqy r`eIAqvwVI pRbMDW dy gux Swml sn[ ies pRbMD dw mu`K doS ieh sI ik ies Anuswr lokW nMU bhuq izAwdw BUmI lgwn dyxw pYNdw sI[ ies pRbMD dw mu`K doS ieh sI ik ies Anuswr lokW nMU bhuq izAwdw BUmI lgwn dyxw pYNdw sI[

19. Bwrq iv`c AMgryzW duAwrw pRcilq kIqI geI lgwn ivvsQw kwrn ikswnW au~qy zulm hox l`gI[ Bwrq iv`c AMgryzW duAwrw pRcilq kIqI geI lgwn ivvsQw kwrn ikswnW au~qy zulm hox l`gI[ srkwr izMmIdwrW nMU ikswnW Aqy muzwirAW au~qy A`iqAwcwr krn qoN nhI rokdI sI[ srkwr izMmIdwrW nMU ikswnW Aqy muzwirAW au~qy A`iqAwcwr krn qoN nhI rokdI sI[ ijhVy KyqrW iv`c r`ieAqvwVI Aqy mihlvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqy gey sn, au~Qy izMmIdwrW dI bjwey srkwr Awp ikswnW dw SoSx krdI sI[ ijhVy KyqrW iv`c r`ieAqvwVI Aqy mihlvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqy gey sn, au~Qy izMmIdwrW dI bjwey srkwr Awp ikswnW dw SoSx krdI sI[ AMgryzW dIAW KyqI-bwVI sbMDI nIqIAW dw pRBwv

20. ikswnW au~qy zulm hox l`gy

21. ies dy ielwvw zmIn dy in`jI sMpqI bx jwx kwrn zmIn dI hOlI-2 pirvwr dy mYNbrW iv`c vMf huMdI geI[ ies dy ielwvw zmIn dy in`jI sMpqI bx jwx kwrn zmIn dI hOlI-2 pirvwr dy mYNbrW iv`c vMf huMdI geI[ ijs kwrn auhnW dI AwriQk hwlwq bhuq Krwb ho geI sI[ ijs kwrn auhnW dI AwriQk hwlwq bhuq Krwb ho geI sI[ Asl iv`c AMgryzI srkwr dIAW KyqI-bwVI sbMDI nIqIAW dw mu~K audyS BUmI lgwn duAwrw v`D qoN v`D lwB pRwpq krnw Aqy swmrwjI ih`qW dI r`iKAw krnw sI[ Asl iv`c AMgryzI srkwr dIAW KyqI-bwVI sbMDI nIqIAW dw mu~K audyS BUmI lgwn duAwrw v`D qoN v`D lwB pRwpq krnw Aqy swmrwjI ih`qW dI r`iKAw krnw sI[

22. ikRSI dw vxzIkrx Bwrq iv`c AMgryzI Swsn dI sQwpnw qoN pihlW BwrqI lokW dw mu`K ik`qw KyqI- bwVI krnw sI[ Bwrq iv`c AMgryzI Swsn dI sQwpnw qoN pihlW BwrqI lokW dw mu`K ik`qw KyqI- bwVI krnw sI[ KyqI-bwVI ipMf dy lokW dIAW loVW nMU pUrw krn leI kIqI jWdI sI[ KyqI-bwVI ipMf dy lokW dIAW loVW nMU pUrw krn leI kIqI jWdI sI[ pRqMU Bwrq iv`c AMgryzI rwj ho jwx nwl ipMfW dI Awqm-inrBr ArQ ivvsQw nMU bhuq nukswn hoieAw[ pRqMU Bwrq iv`c AMgryzI rwj ho jwx nwl ipMfW dI Awqm-inrBr ArQ ivvsQw nMU bhuq nukswn hoieAw[ AMgryzW duAwrw lwgU kIqI geI BUmI lgwn pRxwlI Anuswr ikswnW nMU lgwn dy qOr qy inSicq rkm smyN isr srkwr nMU dyxI pYNdI sI[ AMgryzW duAwrw lwgU kIqI geI BUmI lgwn pRxwlI Anuswr ikswnW nMU lgwn dy qOr qy inSicq rkm smyN isr srkwr nMU dyxI pYNdI sI[

23. BwrqI dw mu`K ik`qw KyqI- bwVI

24. auhnW dw audyS &slW qoN v`D-2 Dn kmwauxw ho igAw sI[ auhnW dw audyS &slW qoN v`D-2 Dn kmwauxw ho igAw sI[ ikswn hux kpwh, kxk, qyl dy bIj, gMnw Aqy ptsn Awid &slW pYdw krn lgy ikauNik iehnW dI mMfIAW iv`c bhuq mMg sI[ ikswn hux kpwh, kxk, qyl dy bIj, gMnw Aqy ptsn Awid &slW pYdw krn lgy ikauNik iehnW dI mMfIAW iv`c bhuq mMg sI[ ieMglYNf iv`c audXoigk kRWqI Awaux kwrn au~Qy sQwpq kIqy gey kwrKwinAW leI k`cy mwl dI bhuq lOV sI[ ieMglYNf iv`c audXoigk kRWqI Awaux kwrn au~Qy sQwpq kIqy gey kwrKwinAW leI k`cy mwl dI bhuq lOV sI[ ies krky AMgryzI srkwr ny KyqI-bwVI Bwv ikRSI dw vxjIkrx surU kr id`qw, jo pMjwb, bMgwl, gujrwq, KwndyS Aqy brwr Awid KyqrW iv`c sB qoN v`D hoieAw sI[ ies krky AMgryzI srkwr ny KyqI-bwVI Bwv ikRSI dw vxjIkrx surU kr id`qw, jo pMjwb, bMgwl, gujrwq, KwndyS Aqy brwr Awid KyqrW iv`c sB qoN v`D hoieAw sI[

25. AiBAws

26. KwlI QwvW Bro _________ eI. iv`c aus ny pMj swlW Tyky dI QW ie`k swl pRbMD SurU kIqw[ _________ eI. iv`c aus ny pMj swlW Tyky dI QW ie`k swl pRbMD SurU kIqw[ _________ ny lgwn ie`kTw krn leI pMj swlW Tyky dw pRbMD kIqw[ _________ ny lgwn ie`kTw krn leI pMj swlW Tyky dw pRbMD kIqw[ _________ iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[ _________ iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[ ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw ______ qoN _____ q`k huMdw sI[ ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw ______ qoN _____ q`k huMdw sI[

27. KwlI QwvW Bro 1777 eI. iv`c aus ny pMj swlW Tyky dI QW ie`k swl pRbMD SurU kIqw[ 1777 eI. iv`c aus ny pMj swlW Tyky dI QW ie`k swl pRbMD SurU kIqw[ Lwrf vwrn hysitMgz ny lgwn ie`kTw krn leI pMj swlW Tyky dw pRbMD kIqw[ Lwrf vwrn hysitMgz ny lgwn ie`kTw krn leI pMj swlW Tyky dw pRbMD kIqw[ 1820 eI: iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[ 1820 eI: iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[ ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw 40% qoN 55% q`k huMdw sI[ ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw 40% qoN 55% q`k huMdw sI[

28. shI jW glq sQweI bMdobsq kwrn izMmIdwr BUmI dy mwlk bx gey[ sQweI bMdobsq kwrn izMmIdwr BUmI dy mwlk bx gey[ 1825 eI. iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[ 1825 eI. iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[ ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw 45% qoN 65% q`k huMdw sI[ ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw 45% qoN 65% q`k huMdw sI[ ies krky lwrf kwrnvwils ny 1793 eI: iv`c bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy pRwqW iv`c sQweI bMdobsq pRbMD SurU kIqw[ ies krky lwrf kwrnvwils ny 1793 eI: iv`c bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy pRwqW iv`c sQweI bMdobsq pRbMD SurU kIqw[

29. shI jW glq sQweI bMdobsq kwrn izMmIdwr BUmI dy mwlk bx gey[ (shI) sQweI bMdobsq kwrn izMmIdwr BUmI dy mwlk bx gey[ (shI) 1825 eI. iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[ (glq) 1825 eI. iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[ (glq) ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw 45% qoN 65% q`k huMdw sI[ (glq) ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw 45% qoN 65% q`k huMdw sI[ (glq) ies krky lwrf kwrnvwils ny 1793 eI: iv`c bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy pRwqW iv`c sQweI bMdobsq pRbMD SurU kIqw[ (shI) ies krky lwrf kwrnvwils ny 1793 eI: iv`c bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy pRwqW iv`c sQweI bMdobsq pRbMD SurU kIqw[ (shI)

30. pRSnwvlI sQweI bMdobsq iks ny, kdoN Aqy ikQy SurU kIqw sI? sQweI bMdobsq iks ny, kdoN Aqy ikQy SurU kIqw sI? r`eIAqvwVI pRbMD iks ny, kdoN Aqy ikQy-2 SurU kIqw? r`eIAqvwVI pRbMD iks ny, kdoN Aqy ikQy-2 SurU kIqw? mihlvwVI pRbMD ikhVy iqMn KyqrW iv`c lwgU kIqw igAw? mihlvwVI pRbMD ikhVy iqMn KyqrW iv`c lwgU kIqw igAw? ikRSI vxzIkrx ikvyN hoieAw? ikRSI vxzIkrx ikvyN hoieAw? ikRSI vxzIkrx dIAW do mu~K &slW ikhVIAW sn? ikRSI vxzIkrx dIAW do mu~K &slW ikhVIAW sn?

31. mu`K sRoq pMjwb skUl is`iKAw borf dI A`TvIN klws dI smwijk is`iKAw dI pwT pusqk iv`coN [ pMjwb skUl is`iKAw borf dI A`TvIN klws dI smwijk is`iKAw dI pwT pusqk iv`coN [ http://img2.chakpak.com/se_images/4013 3_-1_564_none/lagaan.jpg http://img2.chakpak.com/se_images/4013 3_-1_564_none/lagaan.jpg http://img2.chakpak.com/se_images/4013 3_-1_564_none/lagaan.jpg http://img2.chakpak.com/se_images/4013 3_-1_564_none/lagaan.jpg http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gall ery/7/Cornwallis_19534.jpg http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gall ery/7/Cornwallis_19534.jpg http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gall ery/7/Cornwallis_19534.jpg http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gall ery/7/Cornwallis_19534.jpg http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gall ery/30/DukeWellington_21356.jpg http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gall ery/30/DukeWellington_21356.jpg http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gall ery/30/DukeWellington_21356.jpg http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gall ery/30/DukeWellington_21356.jpg