1. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero Programming Languages Basics

2. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero Programming Language DEF. Set of coded instructions with specific syntax and semantics. Software created in a defined Programming Language, in order to achieve a specific task. Program DEF.

3. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero Instruction DEF. Set of rules for describing something. Basic construction blocks of any language. z Alphabet (ABC) z Numbers (123) z Mathematical Symbols (+-*) z Musical Notes (Do re mi) Code DEF. Codes set together in order to build an operation. Some examples of computer instructions are: z Arithmetic z Data Input z Data Output z Logical (Comparison) z Assignation z Data Format

4. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero  Codifying: Write down a code. zDecoding: Decipher or “solve” the code. Change from one language to another in which for each rule exists a respective one. Codifying & Decoding Understand the code

5. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero Voltage = 1 1111 Example: Code Binary Code 0 000 Voltage absence = 0 (Digital Signal represented Graphically)

6. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 Each binary number is called “bit” Example: Codifying

7. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 Example: Decoding

8. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2481632 64 Decimal Binary Digital Signal represented Graphically 1000001b=65d Example: Decimal Code

9. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2481632 64 Decimal Formula = b n *2 n + …. + b 2 *2 2 + b 1 *2 1 + b 0 *2 0 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 Binary b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 Bit Position 1000001b = b 6 *2 6 + b 0 *2 0 1000001b = (1*64) + (1*1) 1000001b = 65d

10. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1000111b = ___ d Binary Digital Signal represented Graphically

11. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2481632 64 Decimal 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 Example: Decoding from binary to decimal Binary Digital Signal represented Graphically 1000111b = 71 d

12. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero Decimal Review Binary 000 1 01 210 311 4 100 5 6 7 8 101 110 111 1000

13. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero 65 A 72 H 79 O 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 76 L ASCII ( 8 bits ) Decimal 1 0 0 1 0 0 01 0 0 1 1 1 11 0 0 1 1 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 1 HO LA Other Codes Examples

14. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero System: Hardware and Software Manager Operating System (Windows), drivers, booting programs. Application: User oriented software Word, Excel, Flash, Photoshop Types of Software

15. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero Programming Languages: Software for creating software with well defined instructions. C, C++, Visual Basic, Java Compiler: Translator Software that decodes instructions, typically from source code = high level to object code = low level/ binary / machine language Types of Software

16. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero Programmer User Application Software Programming Languages Compiler System Software 10001 10000 0001 If a=1, then c=c+1

17. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero Low Level: Computer oriented. They directly manipulate hardware. Hard to understand. –Binary Code / Machine Language (ML) / Bits –Assembly Language (Ensamblador) Medium Level: Task oriented. They use short English like terms. Old (80’s-90’s ) languages. –C–C –Pascal –Basic –Fortran Types (Levels) of Programming Languages

18. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero High Level: Human Oriented. They use full human like sentences, much more understandable. Generally they are called “Object Oriented” –C++ –Java –Visual basic TAG and Scripting Languages: They are used to design Web applications and to query Data Bases. –HTML –SQL –Javascript –jsp –php –asp Types of Programming Languages

19. Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Estado de México Multimedia BS2001 MTI Fernando Carlos Rivero Summary: Types of Programming Languages HARDWARE Low Level (ML) Medium Level High Level, TAG and Scripting Languages USER