1. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007 ITALIAN VISION FOR MOON EXPLORATION OBSERVATION OF THE UNIVERSE FROM THE MOON

2. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007 To study possible High Energy Astrophysics, Cosmology and Fundamental Physics scenarios related to possible science from the Moon; To study the Solar System scenario; To correlate the identified scenarios with other scientific and technological activities on going on the Earth and in the space; To identify the scientific objectives and translate them into scientific requirements giving priorities to the identified projects in order to maximise the scientific results. ASI-INAF contract

3. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007 The Study has been coordinated by N. MANDOLESI : WP 1200 – X/Gamma studies, coordinated by P. CARAVEO; WP 1300 – Optics UV/IR studies, coordinated by R. RAGAZZONI; WP 1400 – Radio/mm studies, contract responsible F. MANTOVANI; WP 1500 – Particles studies, coordinated by R. BATTISTON. ASI-INAF contract

4. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007 Analysis of the astronomical studies that could benefit from the Moon context Study of the sky areas observable with transit instruments Comparison between Moon based instrumentation and LEO/HEO instrumentation for astrophysical observation, with particular regards to: Recent X-ray and gamma-ray detectors Future perspectives in X-ray and gamma-ray detectors Analysis of the focusing mirrors for X-ray up to 30 keV on the Moon surface Analysis of instrumentation based on code masks Analysis of a possible multi-wavelength observatory Coordination of the scientific studies with the industrial ones Identification of the best sites to carry on the identified projects X-ray and gamma-ray studies

5. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007 X-ray and gamma-ray studies

6. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007 Visible UV/IR studies Sun observations from the Moon the UV/Vis/IR band Planets and minor bodies of the solar system Observations of galactic cluster from the Moon Properties and evolution of the Universe in the UV/visible/IR band Comparison of single dish telescope experiments from the Moon and from other sites

7. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007 Visible UV/IR studies

8. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007 Cosmology: CMB studies Recombination epoch and first structures Relativistic particle acceleration in the Universe radio galaxies and quasar at ultra low frequency diffuse emission from Large Scale Structure formation relativistic hadrons in galaxies and cluster of galaxies dark matter annihilation Supermassive Black Holes radio loud – radio quiet dichotomy formation of the first BH polarisation studies Milky Way studies from the Moon study of stellar formation regions diffuse emission from the Galaxy Instrumentation requirements and Moon-Earth comparison low frequency dipole array parabolic antennae array for mm-IR observations mm/IR telescopes Radio and mm studies

9. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007 Radio and mm studies

10. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007 High Energy Astrophysics Gamma-ray measurements Low/medium/high energy cosmic Rays measurements Extreme energy neutrinos measurements Measurements of the solar plasma properties Cosmology and Fundamental Physics Gravitational waves experiments Fundamental physics experiments Correlation of the scientific activities with technological ones Gamma-ray experiments Low/medium/high energy cosmic Rays experiments Extreme energy neutrinos experiments Fundamental physics and gravitational waves experiments Elementary particles and fundamental physics studies

11. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007 Elementary particles and fundamental physics studies

12. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007 Elementary particles and fundamental physics studies

13. Observation of the Universe from the Moon – Elisabetta Cavazzuti – LNF May 7, 2007