1. GENDER AND NUMBER AGREEMENT
NOUNS AND ARTICLES
GENDER AND NUMBER AGREEMENT

2. Nouns and articles have gender and number in Spanish.
GENDER refers to whether the noun is masculine or feminine.
NUMBER refers to whether the noun is singular or plural (more than 1).

3. Masculine nouns usually end in “O”
libro
bolígrafo

4. Feminine nouns usually end in “A.”
carpeta
regla
goma

5. When making nouns plural:
Add “S” if the noun ends in a vowel
el libro: los libros la clase: las clases
Add “ES” if the noun ends in a consonant
el cartel: los carteles el papel: los papeles
If the noun ends in “Z,” change the “Z” to “C” then add “ES”
el lápiz: los lápices la vez: las veces

6. If a noun ends in something other than an “ o or a,” then gender can be determined by looking at the definite article that accompanies the noun.

7. There are 4 definite articles
There are 4 definite articles. (A definite article refers to the word the)
MASCULINE FEMININE
SINGULAR el la
PLURAL los las

8. Always remember the definite article must agree in gender and number with the noun it accompanies.
el libro los libros
la carpeta las carpetas

9. There are 4 indefinite articles.
Masculine Feminine
Singular un – a, an una – a, an
Plural unos-some, a few unas-some, a few

10. Remember: Indefinite articles must agree in gender and number with the noun
un chico una chica unos chicos unas chicas