1. 109614021 彭雅彗 Claire 109614031 沈菀琳 Angel 109614015 郭茜文 Sharon 109614019 藍曼欣 Cindy 109614008 鄭旭涵 Annie TPR (Total Physical Response)

2. *INTRODUCTION *TEACHING METHOD *EXPLANATION *CONCLUSION TPR

3. Introduction

4. Theory Background  Dr. James J. Asher  1970 ’ s  “ Learning Another Language Through Actions ”

5. The viewpoint of language  Use imperative and concrete object to teach  Asher indicates that human has a set of language acquisition device (LAD)  When learners decode enough language, they will speak out without thinking

6. Teaching Objective  Learning through actions  Comprehension is more important than representation  Learners should listen to more meaningful sentences and response in gesture

7. The viewpoint of instruction  Trace theory- oral repeat, gesture or body action  Humanism- learner ’ s emotion

8. The description of proper term  Comprehension: In education, it has roughly the same meaning as understanding. understanding  Action: A process or condition of acting or moving

9. Reference  廖曉青 (2002), 英語教學法  Asher. J. (1982). Learning Another Language Through Actions : the Complete Teacher ’ s Guide Book. Los Gatos, California: Sky Oaks Productions

10. Teaching Method

11. First class  Goal: students will be able to identify 6 parts of the body and learn the verb” point to” ex: point to your head/nose/ear…  Material: no  Vocabulary: head, nose, chin, ear, face, mouth  Activities: listen and point  Outcome: teachers will evaluate the students’ learning by playing games or make them do the actions individually

12. Second class Review: mouth Touch your chin head nose ear face

13. Second class Teach:  Stand up  Sit down  Point to the wall ceiling door chair table floor

14. Second class Teach: go to school Walk to the classroom → Open the door → Close the door → Walk to your seat → Put down your school bag → Sit down → Take out your textbook

15. Explanation

16. T P R class arrange  Goal : our goal is to let the beginners have the initial speaking skill and the comprehension is the way to achieve this goal.  How many vocabulary items in one lesson: Nine new vocabulary items in one lesson is an average achievable goal

17. Ask for/expect no oral participation  If you do have a student with some very limited oral production skills in your class, he is probably going to want to recite along with you. You will need to persuade him to do it with his mouth only and not voice his sounds so that other class members listen only to native speaker modeling. Don’t encourage verbal responses from the students – only actions.

18. The roles teacher and students play  Teacher is like a director of a drama. Students are like the performers.  Teacher will issue the command and students are just the passive receivers  Teacher shouldn’t correct too much about students’ mistakes and shouldn’t interrupt students’ speech by correcting the mistakes, because this will hinder them.

19. Material  TPR usually doesn’t have material. But in the later part, material becomes more important.  As for beginners, teacher doesn’t use the material, because teacher’s voice, actions and gestures are enough for teaching activities.

20. Teaching activities The teacher uses the imperative form of the verb throughout (Point to … Walk to …Touch the etc.) Teacher have to notice that when we make a command, we need to make it proper order. First, teacher should follow the principle of listening first and speaking later on. Second, we should let the command chronologically

21. Teaching steps Every TPR lesson needs to include four steps:  1)Review  2)teaching/learning.  3)practices or rehearsal.  4)testing or evaluation.

22. Conclusion

23. Advantages SStress-free LLong-term retention EEasy to implement/no translation NNew playing field: no disadvantage for academically weaker students

24. TTrains students to react to language and not think about it too much RRepetition is disguised: more effective input DDifferent style of teaching/learning

25. Disadvantages SStudents who are not used to such things might find it embarrassing. IIt is only really suitable for beginner levels. YYou can't teach everything with it. TTPR is not a complete method but a teaching skill.