1. Journal Genes Control cellular activities through a two step process called protein synthesis. Name and discuss the significance of the two steps.

2. What is the Sugar in RNA? Ribose

3. What are the three types of RNA? tRNA, rRNA, mRNA

4. What does rRNA do? Makes up ribosomes

5. Is the genetic code different in all organisms? No, the bases are the same different organisms have different sequences

6. Is protein synthesis regulated? YES

7. Are all genes transcribed all the time? no

8. When are the introns removed? Before the mRNA leaves the nucleus

9. What are introns? Junk DNA/RNA that does not code for proteins

10. What are exons? DNA/RNA that codes for a protein

11. What is a change in one or a few nucleotides? Point mutation

12. What is the type of mutation that occurs if a nucleotide is removed? deletion

13. What is the type of mutation that occurs when one nucleotide base is swapped for a different nucleotide base? Substitution

14. What are the RNA base pairing rules? A-U G-C

15. Where does transcription begin? At a promotor

16. What are the two processes that make up protein synthesis? Transcription and Translation

17. What are the complements of codons on tRNA? anticodons

18. Q.What are three differences between RNA and DNA A. RNA has U instead of T, Ribose instead of deoxyribose, and RNA is single stranded DNA is double stranded

19. Q. What is the process of making RNA from DNA? A. Transcription

20. Q. Where does transcription take place? A. in the nucleus

21. Q. Where does the mRNA go after transcription? A. Out through the cytoplasm to the ribosome

22. Q. Transcribe this DNA sequence: AAGCATCCTGCA A. UUCGUAGGACGU

23. Q. What happens to the parent strand of DNA after the mRNA is transcribed? A. it lets go of the mRNA and winds back up

24. Q. What enzyme is used in transcription? A. RNA polymerase

25. Q. What does mRNA do? A. carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus out through the cytoplasm to the ribosome

26. Q. What is a codon and what does it do? A. a set of three nucleotide bases that code for an amino acid

27. Q. What does tRNA do? A. Brings the amino acids to the correct coding sequences

28. Q. What organelle is involved in translation? A. Ribosome

29. Q. Use this mRNA chart to answer the question AAG - lysine GAA – glutamine ACU - threonine GGC – glycine AGU– serine GUA – valine CAU - histidine UAA – tyrosine CCG - proline UGA - tryptophan CUU - leucine UUC - phenylalanine Given the amino acid sequence histidine-tryptophan-leucine- lysine-proline: What is the sequence of bases coding for this amino acid chain? A. CAUUGACUUAAGCCG

30. Q. What is the sequence of the coding strand of DNA that would transcribe into this mRNA CAUUGACUUAAGCCG?(2pts) A. GTAACTGAATTCGGC

31. Q. Describe the process of translation using the words mRNA, ribosome, codon, tRNA, and amino acid. A. During translation, a ribosome attaches to the mRNA, and reads the triplet nucleotide base codons which code for a specific amino acid. tRNA brings the amino acids to the ribosome where they attach and form a chain

32. Q. What does Gel electrophoresis do? Separates DNA fragments by molecular weight

33. Q. What are two things that Scientists can extract DNA from? A. Hair, Blood, Saliva, Urine…

34. Q. What do restriction enzymes do? A. Cut DNA into fragments at specific base sequences