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4. Common methods used to identify hazards include:  Workplace inspection  Process or task analysis  Review and analysis of past workplace accidents 4

5. Hazards can occur through:  A process  An activity  An action  A situation  An event  An arrangement  A circumstance 5

6. Hazards can be grouped into six main types:  Physical hazards  Chemical hazards  Biological hazards  Ergonomic hazards  Psychological hazard  Substance abuse 6

7. “Risk is the likelihood that harm or injury from a hazard will occur.” Risk analysis components include:  Who is susceptible to risk  The number of persons exposed  The degree of individual risk  Eliminating or substituting the hazardous substance  The possibility of achieving safe levels  The financial risk of hazards  Public opinion and pressure groups  Social responsibility and business image 7

8. Probability of risk can be measured using the following scale:  H-High risk  M-Medium risk  L-Low risk  N-No risk 8 These are problems that would or could happen frequently or there is a high or continuous exposure to the hazard Does or could happen occasionally or occasional exposure to the hazard Rare occurrence but could happenExtremely rare occurrences

9. 9 Severity of consequences can be measured using the following scale:  V-Very high  H-High  M-Medium  L-Low Serious, disabling or fatal consequences, catastrophic property damage, major environment damage Requirement of immediate and possible on going medical assistance or treatment, possible irreversible harm, costly property damage, major environmental cleanup Reversible health damage and limited medical assistance required, time off work required for recuperation, repairable property damage, minor environmental damage First aid treatment, little or no time off work, little property damage, little or no environmental concerns

10. ‘Hierarchy of Control’ is used as a tool to control risks. Hierarchy of Control is a process using the following steps to control risks:  (1) Elimination  (2) Substitution  (3) Engineering Controls  (4) Process or Procedure modifications/training  (5) Personal Protection Equipment 10

11. A SOP can be used to define:  Administrative/office functions/procedures  Machinery/equipment/tool use  Manufacturing/assembly/fabrication processes  Purchasing of goods and services  Equipment/machinery/tool repair  Equipment/machinery/tool maintenance  Shipping/transportation  Handling and storage of products, materials or compounds  Dealing with contractors/consultants  Workplace design 11

12. The writer of a SOP should be part of a team that includes:  The worker  The supervisor/manager  The equipment/tool/machinery supplier  A safety and health professional 12

13. All SOPs should contain:  A title and/or number  The authors name and contact information  The product or reason for the procedure  Safety for each step  A list of all protective equipment  Directions for emergencies 13

14. The following criteria may be used to determine the effectiveness of the SOP:  Were the steps in a logical sequence?  Were safety considerations detailed?  Were the steps defined with regard to identified risk?  Was the flow of steps sufficient to maximise effectiveness?  Did the SOP result in an efficient work effort? 14

15. Methods to make the SOP readily available to all workers or employees include:  Company policy and procedural manuals  Addendums to machinery or equipment user manuals  Included in new employee induction manuals  Noticeboards, newsletters or as work area posters 15

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