1. Longitude and Latitude

2. Latitude and Longitude
Grade 4
Unit includes:
Compass Rose
Definitions of latitude and longitude
Major lines of latitude
Hemispheres
Finding locations using latitude and longitude

3. Objectives
Students will be able to identify lines of latitude on a map including
Equator
North Pole
South Pole
Antarctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Capricorn.
Students will be able to identify lines of longitude on a map including
Prime Meridian

4. Objectives
Students will be able to locate all four hemispheres including
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
Students will be able to identify which line divides the earth into the correct hemispheres.
Students will be able to find locations on map using longitude and latitude.

5. Materials Compass Rose Worksheet Globe World Map Latitude Worksheet
Longitude Worksheet
Different colors of yarn
Scissors
Matching Note cards
Map of world showing latitude and longitude
Globe Bingo Worksheet
Skittles
Student minds

6. Activities Compass Rose Map Hunt Latitude and Longitude Worksheet
Signing Latitude and Longitude
Yarning about Latitude and Longitude
Match Latitude and Longitude
Major lines of latitude worksheet
Globe Says…activity about major lines of latitude
Globe Bingo

7. Pre-Assessment Can you… draw and label a compass rose?
identify the Equator and Prime Meridian on a map?
label all the major lines of latitude on a map?
Identify what line of latitude divides the earth into the Northern and Southern Hemisphere? Can you identify these hemispheres on a map?
Identify what line of longitude divides the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemisphere? Can you identify these hemispheres on a map?

8. Compass Rose Map Hunt Students will draw and label a compass rose.
Students will discuss why a compass rose is important.
Students will locate cardinal roses on various types of maps.
Students will discuss what a compass rose is used for and who uses a compass rose.

9. Latitude Students will be introduced to latitude and longitude.
Students will complete the latitude worksheet.
Students will trace the equator in green and the other lines of latitude in blue.

10. Signing Latitude Latitude:
“I'm climbing the Ladder of latitudes, latitudes, latitudes.
I'm climbing the ladder of latitudes, all around the world.”

11. Longitude
Students will be introduced to longitude by looking at the globe.
Students will complete the lines of longitude worksheet.
Students will trace the Prime Meridian in orange and the other lines of longitude in yellow.

12. Signing Longitude Longitude:
“It's a LONG, LONG way from pole to pole, pole to pole, pole to pole It's a LONG, LONG way from pole to pole, so we call those LONGITUDES.”

13. “Yarning about Latitude and Longitude”
Students will participate in making a globe
Four students will be in North, South, East, and West positions
Different colors of yarn will make
Lines of latitude
Lines of longitude
Equator
Prime Meridian
North Pole
South Pole

14. Match Longitude and Latitude
Another name for lines of longitude
Meridians
States that border Ohio
Indiana, Michigan, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky
Direction that meridians run
North and South
The four cardinal directions
North, East, South, West
Direction that parallels run
East and West
South Pole
90 S
Another name for lines of latitude
Parallels
North Pole
90 N
Major line of latitude at 0
Equator
Equator divides Earth into
Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere
Major line of longitude at 0
Prime Meridian
Prime Meridian divides Earth into
Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere

15. Major lines of Latitude
Students will do the Major lines of latitude worksheet.
Students will locate the major lines of latitude on the map.
Students will identify the latitude degree of each major line of latitude.

16. Major lines of latitude
North Pole
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
South Pole

17. Globe Says…
Students will complete the worksheet on the major lines of latitude
North Pole
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
South Pole

18. Globe Says
After learning the major lines of latitude students will perform Globe says….
Body parts represent the major lines of latitude
Top of head – North Pole
Ears – Arctic Circle
Shoulders – Tropic of Cancer
Waist – Equator
Knees – Tropic of Capricorn
Shins – Antarctic Circle
Toes – South Pole

19. Globe Bingo
To review, students will be given a Blank Globe Bingo Worksheet.
Students will fill in the sheet before the next day’s class.

20. Globe Bingo G L O B E Word List Equator Prime Meridian North Pole
Word List
Equator
Prime Meridian
North Pole
South Pole
Meridians
Parallels
East and West
Cardinal Rose
Tropic of Cancer
Antarctic Circle
North and South
East
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Capricorn
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere

21. Assessment Students should be able to: Draw and label a Compass Rose
Identify the major lines of latitude and longitude on a map
Correctly label all four Hemispheres on a map
Find locations on a map using
latitude and longitude

22. Websites for Students Social Studies for Kids: Basic Geography
BoatSafeKids: How are flat charts and maps made of our round planet?
Interactive Latitude and Longitude
Map Stats for Kids

23. Websites for Teachers
Geography Classroom Game
Great Teaching Tools
Latitude and Longitude
Yarning about Latitude and Longitude

24. Understanding
Longitude & Latitude

25. Typical Graph
This is an example of a typical graph we are all familiar with.
The graph is made up of different “points” with lines that connect the points.

26. Typical Graph Each point has two values:
The “X” value that runs along the horizontal “X” axis
The “Y” value that runs along the vertical “Y” axis
Typical Graph
Y axis
X axis

27. Typical Graph X value is always stated first Followed by the Y value
The “origin” is the point where the 2 axes intersect with a value of (0,0)
Typical Graph Y
(3,8)
(9,5) X
(0,0)

28. Typical Graph A point can also have negative (-) values
Negative X values are to the left of the origin (0,0)
Negative Y values are below the origin
Typical Graph Y
(-X,+Y)
(+X,+Y)
(0,0) X
(-X,-Y)
(+X,-Y)

29. East West, North South on The Earth
Let the X axis be the Equator.
Let the Y axis be the Prime Meridian that runs through Greenwich outside of London.
Lat/Long are the 2 grid points by which you can locate any point on earth. Y X

30. East West, North South on the Earth
Let each of the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West. N W E S

31. East West, North South on the Earth
The N tells us we’re north of the Equator. The S tells us we’re south of the Equator.
The E tells us that we’re east of the Prime Meridian. The W tells us that we’re west of the Prime Meridian.
(N, W)
(N, E)
(S, W)
(S, E)

32. East West, North South on the Earth
That means all points in North America will have a North latitude and a West longitude because it is North of the Equator and West of the Prime Meridian.
(N, W)
Prime Meridian

33. East West, North South on the Earth
What would be the latitude and longitude directions in Australia? ?
Prime Meridian
If you said South and East , you’re right!

34. Latitude is the distance from the equator along the Y axis.
All points along the equator have a value of 0 degrees latitude.
North pole = 90°N
South pole = 90°S
Values are expressed in terms of degrees.
What is Latitude?
90°N Y X
90°S

35. This is also true of longitude.
What is Latitude?
Each degree of latitude is divided into minutes.
Each minute is divided into 60 seconds.
90°N Y X
90°S
This is also true of longitude.

36. This is close to the latitude where you live.
What is Latitude?
For Example:
37°, 02’,51’’N
This is close to the latitude where you live.
90°N Y X
90°S

37. What is Longitude?
Longitude is the distance from the prime meridian along the X axis.
All points along the prime meridian have a value of 0 degrees longitude.
The earth is divided into two parts, or hemispheres, of east and west longitude. Y X
180°W
180°E

38. What is Longitude?
The earth is divided into 360 equal slices (meridians)
180 west and 180 east of the prime meridian Y X
180°W
180°E

39. Our latitude and longitude might be:
What is Latitude?
Our latitude and longitude might be:
37°, 03’,13’’N
76°, 29’, 45’’W
90°N Y X
90°S

40. The origin point (0,0) is where the equator intersects the prime meridian.
(0,0) is off the western coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean.
So Where is (0,0)?

41. See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter These Lon/Lats Are Located
1. 41°N, 21°E
2. 37°N, 76°W
3. 72°S, 141°W
4. 7°S, 23°W
5. 15°N, 29°E
6. 34°S, 151°E A B D C

42. Let's See How
You Did!
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. D

43. See if you can find those same latitude/longitude locations on a map!

44. In Summary!

45. Positioning on the Earth’s Surface
East is the direction of rotation of the Earth
Equator
Latitude 0o
Latitude: (90oN to 90oS)
North Pole
South Pole
Prime Meridian
0o Longitude
Longitude: (180oE to 180oW)
Longitude 60o West
Longitude 30o West
Longitude 60o East
90o
Longitude 30o East
66½o
Latitude 23½o North
Tropic of Cancer
23½o
21st June
22nd December
22nd Sept
20th March
90oW
60oW
30oW
90oE
30oE
60oE
23½o
900
Latitude 23½o South
Tropic of Capricorn
Longitude 90o West
Longitude 90oEast
Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface.

46. Now you’re ready to find some locations on a map!

47. Math and Geography in Action
TIME ZONES
Math and Geography
in Action

48. Earth’s Seasons
Northern Hemisphere

49. Why so many Time Zones? 1 revolution of Earth = 365.25 days
6 hours x 4 years = Leap year
& we catch up
1 rotation of Earth = 24 hours
Circle = 360°
360° /24 = 15° = 1 hour
Earth rotates 15° each hour
At the equator Earth ≈ 24,900 miles
= miles in an hour
Lines of Longitude
North Pole
15°

50. Likened to a Number Line
SUBTRACT an hour
for each time zone
as you move WEST
ADD and hour
for each time zone
as you move EAST
0 +
Your place of origin

51. World Time Zones

53. Non- Standard Time
The deviation of time keeping from the standard time zone in which a place is geographically located.
The usual deviation occurs in quarter hour increments, i.e. 15 minutes, 30 minutes, or 45 minutes.
Areas of the world on non-standard time
2 South Pacific islands
India
Afghanistan
Nepal
Iran
Sri Lanka
Newfoundland
Central Australia
Myanmar (Burma)

54. True or False USING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED True or False:
If EVERY part of the statement is TRUE, write T.
If ANY part of the statement is FALSE, write F.
The earth makes one complete rotation every 24 hours.
For every 15° of longitude, there is a difference of one hour in time.
Time zones always have straight boundaries.
It is 12 noon everywhere on the earth at the same time.
The letters a.m. stand for the 12 hours before 12 noon.
Post meridiem means the 12 hours after 12 noon.
The line of longitude at 180° is called the Prime Meridian.
When you travel across the International Date Line you stay in the same day.
When you cross the Prime Meridian, you stay in the same day.
It takes one hour for the earth to rotate 15°.

55. Time it! Practice
In what areas of the world do you find non-standard time?
You are in New York and you want to call someone in Rome, Italy, at noon Rome time. When would you call?
Assume that flying from New York to London requires 6 hours. When would a flight leaving New York on a Wednesday at 6:00 p.m. arrive in London?
You are flying from Los Angeles to Moscow. You leave Los Angeles at 10:00 a.m. on Saturday and you arrive in Moscow on Sunday at 9:00 a.m. How many hours did you actually spend flying?
You are planning a flight from Bombay, India, to Washington, D.C., that must connect through several cities. You will leave Bombay on August 2, at 8:00 A.M., and will continue directly through Beijing and Los Angeles to Washington, D.C. What time is it in Washington, D.C., when you begin your trip? What will be the date when you arrive in Washington, D.C.?
If it is 3:00 p.m. in Greenwich, what time is it in Moscow?
If it is 9:00 A.M. in Cape Town, what time is it in Washington, D.C.?
If it is Tuesday, 4:30 p.m. in Japan, what day and time is it in Honolulu?
If it is Friday, 8:15 A.M. in Rio de Janeiro what day and time is it in Beijing?

56. Latitude and Longitude

57. Lines of
longitude only
Equator added
Other lines of latitude added

58. Cross-section through line of longitude
Cross-sections through lines of latitude

59. Orange cut through lines of longitude
Orange cut through lines of latitude

60. Draw a map of this world.
There are 4 countries: Red, Light Green, Dark Green and Purple.

62. Latitude and Longitude

63. Latitude lines run east/west but they measure north or south of the equator (0°) splitting the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.

64. Latitude North Pole South Pole90 80 [
Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° N.L. at the North Pole. 70 60 50 40 30 20 ]
Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° S.L. at the South Pole. 10 10 20 30
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A) 40 50 60 70 80 90

65. Latitude The North Pole is at 90° N The South Pole is at 90° S
40° N is the 40° line of latitude north of the equator. 40° S is the 40° line of latitude south of the equator.
The equator is at 0° latitude. It is neither north nor south. It is at the center between north and south.
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

66. Longitude Lines of longitude begin at the Prime Meridian.
60° E is the 60° line of longitude east of the Prime Meridian.
60° W is the 60° line of longitude west of the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian is located at 0°. It is neither east or west W E
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

67. Longitude 180° N North Pole W E West Longitude East Longitude
PRIME MERIDIAN S
Lines of longitude are numbered east from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line and west from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line.
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

68. Prime Meridian The Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° line split the earth into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. Prime Meridian
Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Places located east of the Prime Meridian have an east longitude (E) address. Places located west of the Prime Meridian have a west longitude (W) address.
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

69. INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE 180°
SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS.
America to Asia – gain a day
Asia to America – lose a day
If you took a cruise on a ship, circumventing, or traveling around the entire planet, you would experience firsthand a phenomena that would help you understand the importance of an international dateline. An explorer by the name of Ferdinand Magellan did just that in the year Magellan along with 241 men set out to travel around the entire Earth. These men kept very careful records as they traveled. Yet, when they returned, they found that their calendars were off by one day with the calendars of everyone in their home countries. What happened? How did these men loose an entire day? The day was not lost all at once. It was lost little by little, as the traveled around the Earth. If you stay in one place, a day lasts 24 hours. However, if you travel the opposite direction of the rotation of the Earth, your day will be slightly longer than 24 hours, because you are traveling ahead of the setting sun. If you travel with the rotation of the Earth, your day will be slightly shorter than 24 hours, because you are traveling into the sunset.
At any one moment there are actually two days on the Earth at the same time. A new day begins at mid-night on the International Dateline. It travels around the Earth, until 48 hours later it ends back at the International dateline. If you were to travel across the International Dateline, the date would change either forward, or backward. This line actually lies in the middle of a time zone. This means that the hour on the clock would not change, as you crossed over, just the date.

70. By combining latitude and longitude, any location can be pinpointed

71. A location’s coordinates (____° N or S, ____ ° E or W)

72. Application N
W E S North America is in the Northern Hemisphere because it is north of the Equator. North America is in the Western Hemisphere because it is west of the Prime Meridian.
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.3 (B), Posing and answering questions about geographic distributions and patterns
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

73. Fractions of a Degree
1 degree = 60 minutes or 1 minute is 1/60th of a degree
Use minutes if location is not directly on the latitude/longitude line
Written Degree/minute = XX° xx’ compass direction
30’ is half-way between degrees

74. LONGITUDE AND TIME The world rotates (spins) 360° in 24 hours.
360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour
The world has 24 time zones, each l5° apart.
THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15° OF LONGITUDE

75. Greenwich, England is the logical starting point for time zones
The world rotates west to east (counterclockwise), time zones to the east are ahead of the those time zones to the west

76. Time is forward to all places to the east WEST LESS
ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING
EAST INCREASE
Time is forward to all places to the east
WEST LESS
Time is backward to all places to the west

77. East Increase – West Less (1 hr per l5°)
If it 9 p.m. at Position D, what time is it at position C? Position B?
If it is 1 p.m. at Position X, at which location is the time 5 p.m.

78. Earth rotates west to east Solar time is based on the position of the sun NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH
Look at the East Coast of the United States. The lights are already lit.
California the sun is still visible.

79. This pictures shows AMERICAN CITIES at night.

80. It’s still daylight in California
Saguenay
Sept-Iles
Thunder Bay
Toronto
St.John
Ottawa
It’s still daylight in California
Québec
Montréal
Those light are Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington.
Detroit
Dallas
Puerto Rico
Houston
Miami
Mexico City
Havana
Port-au-Prince

81. NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH.
Look at Paris and Barcelona, the lights are already lit, meanwhile in London, Lisbon and Madrid the sun is still visible.
Looking south, we can see the islands in the middle of the ocean.
We have a perfect view of the British Islands, Iceland and Canada.