1. Mixing Water for Concrete

3. Typical Water Analyses, ppm ChemicalsCity waterSeawater Silica (SiO 2 )0 to 25— Iron (Fe)0 to 0.2— Calcium (Ca)1 to 10050 to 480 Magnesium (Mg)0 to 30260 to 1410 Sodium (Na)1 to 2252190 to 12,200 Potassium (K)0 to 2070 to 550 Bicarbonate (HCO 3 )4 to 550— Sulfate (SO 4 )2 to 125580 to 2810 Chloride (Cl)1 to 3003960 to 20,000 Nitrate (NO 3 )0 to 2— Total dissolved solids 20 to 100035,000

4. Mixing Water for Concrete Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

5. Mixing Water for Concrete Acceptance Criteria for Questionable Water Supplies LimitsTest method Compressive strength, minimum percentage of control at 7 days 90 ASTM C 109 or AASHTO T 106 Time of set, deviation from control, hr:min. from 1:00 earlier to 1:30 later ASTM C 191 or AASHTO T 131 ASTM C 94 or AASHTO M 157

6. Mixing Water for Concrete Chemical Limits for Mixing Water Chemical or type of construction Concentration, Max. ppmTest method Chloride, as Cl ASTM D 512 Prestressed concrete or concrete in bridge decks 500 Other reinforced concrete containing aluminum or dissimilar metals or galvanized metal forms 1,000 Sulfate, as SO 4 3,000 ASTM D 516 Alkalies, as (Na 2 O + 0.658 K 2 O)600 Total solids50,000 AASHTO T 26 ASTM C 94 or AASHTO M 157

7. Mixing Water for Concrete ACI 318 Limits for Chloride Ion Content in Concrete n Prestressed concrete 0.06% n Reinforced concrete exposed to chloride in service 0.15% n Reinforced concrete that will be dry or protected from moisture in service 1.00% n Other reinforced concrete construction 0.30%

8. Mixing Water for Concrete Acid Waters

9. Mixing Water for Concrete Wash Water

10. Mixing Water for Concrete Video Water