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VERBS What is a verb? Page 92
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Definition: A verb is a word used to express an action, a condition, or a state of being. Action Verbs Linking Verbs Helping Verbs with Verb Phrases
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Action Verbs An action verb tells what its subject does.
Actions are either physical or mental Physical: The roller coaster climbs up a hill. Mental: Some people hate amusement parks.
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Action verbs are complemented by a direct object or indirect object.
Direct objects ask... Indirect objects ask… (Direct/Indirect objects are always nouns or pronouns!)
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Review: Evel Knieval gained much fame.
Knieval taught his son some stunts. Knieval gave his fans a thrill. He performed dangerous stunts on a motorcycle.
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Action Verbs: Transitive & Intransitive
An action verb that has a direct object is a transitive verb. An action verb that does not have a direct object is an intransitive verb. He crashed a lot.
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Practice & Apply Page 97
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Linking Verbs A linking verb links its subject to a word in the predicate. The most common linking verbs are forms of the verb “be.”
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Linking Verbs Forms of be be, is, am, are, was, were, been, being
Verbs that express condition appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, smell, sound, taste
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The word that a linking verb connects its subject to is called a subject complement.
Paul Revere’s mount was a saddle horse. The mare seemed very fast.
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Predicates A predicate noun is a noun that follows a linking verb and identifies, renames, or defines the subject. A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject.
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Practice & Apply Page 99
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Principal Parts of Verbs
Every verb has four basic forms called the principal parts: the present the present participle the past the past participle
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Abbreviations Present Tense: PRES Present Participle: PR
Past Tense: PAST Past Participle: PA
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Regular Verbs follow these formulas:
Present = infinitive Present Participle = is + _______________ +ing Past = _______________ +ed Past Participle = has + _______________ +ed
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Are you wondering what’s the difference between past and past participle? PAST: I sailed across the Atlantic Ocean. PA: I have sailed across the Atlantic Ocean. *Imagine a timeline of verbs!*
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She has eaten the apple. She is eating the apple. She eats the apple. She ate the apple.
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PRES PR PAST PA sail lift try circle succeed finish
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Irregular Verbs are verbs whose past and past participle forms are not made by adding –ed or –d to the present. There are quite a lot of irregular verbs!
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Practice & Apply Page 104
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PRES PAST PA bring choose drink ride rise run see shrink swim
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Simple Tenses A tense is a verb form that shows the time of an action or condition. Present Past Future
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Principal Parts of Verbs
Breaking It Down Simple Tenses Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense Progressive Forms Present Progressive Past Progressive Future Progressive Principal Parts of Verbs
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Simple Tense: Present The present tense shows that an action or condition occurs right now. The hatch of the lunar module opens.
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Simple Tense: Past The past tense shows that an action or condition was completed in the past. The module reached Tranquility Base 30 minutes ago.
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Simple Tense: Future The future tense shows that an action or condition will occur in the future. Soon the occupants will walk on the moon.
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Progressive Forms Used to express duration of an action that began in the past, has continued into the present, and may continue into the future. When referencing the future progressive tense use: were, are, will be
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She will be eating the apple.
She has eaten the apple. She will eat the apple. She eats the apple. She was eating the apple. She is eating the apple.
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Forming Simple Tenses – pg 106
Singular Plural Present (present principal participle) I moonwalk You moonwalk He, she, it moonwalks We moonwalk They moonwalk Past (past principal participle) I moonwalked You moonwalked He, she, it moonwalked We moonwalked Future (will + present participle) I will moonwalk You will moonwalk He, she, it will moonwalk We will moonwalk They will moonwalk
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Perfect Tenses: Present
The present perfect tense places an action or condition in a stretch of time leading up the present. Many people have rafted through the Grand Canyon. He has worn glasses for many years.
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Perfect Tenses: Past The past perfect tense places a past action or condition before another past action or condition. After the guide had straightened the raft, we entered the rapids. When I arrived home, he had already called.
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Perfect Tense: Future Perfect
The future perfect tense places a future action or condition before another future action or condition. We will have cleared many rapids before the trip ends. By next month, we will have finished the job.
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Formulas for Perfect Tenses
Present perfect = has/have + past participle Past perfect = had + past participle Future perfect = will + have + past participle
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Forming Perfect Tenses – pg 109
Singular Plural Present (has or have + past participle) I have rafted You have rafted He, she, it has rafted We have rafted They have rafted Past (had + past participle) I had rafted You had rafted He, she, it had rafted We had rafted They had rafted Future (will + have + past participle) I will have rafted You will rafted He, she, it will have rafted We will have rafted You will have rafted They will have rafted
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She will be eating the apple.
She has eaten the apple. She will eat the apple. She eats the apple. She will have eaten the apple. She had eaten the apple. She was eating the apple. She is eating the apple.
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