1. Personal Protective Equipment Overview Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment (2011)

2. Clarify what is meant by “PPE” Purpose of PPE Hazard assessment, control and cost-benefit analysis PPE education and training PPE selection based on risk USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview This Presentation

3. Special clothing and equipment places a barrier between an individual and a hazard Protects the body – Eyes, ears, face, head – Hands and feet – Respiratory protection National Veterinary Stockpile USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview What is PPE?

4. In an animal disease emergency PPE: – Protects responders from potentially harmful hazards – Prevents spread of hazards between animals or locations USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview Purpose of PPE

5. Hazard Assessment USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview

6. Evaluate risk of hazard exposure Proper selection/management of PPE – Biological – Chemical – Environmental Poor PPE selection may result in: – Enhanced risk of disease spread – Impaired job performance – Risk of injury, illness, or death USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview Hazard Assessment

7. Risk assessment establishes: – Composition, magnitude of hazard – Length of time PPE will perform at known level of protection – Exertion level, extent of physical work to be performed while wearing PPE Performed by Incident Commander or Safety Officer USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview Hazard Assessment

8. Hazard Controls USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview

9. PPE is not a first line of defense Initial steps to eliminate hazards must be taken first – Engineering controls – Administrative controls and work practices USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview Hazard Controls

10. Engineering controls – Contain or remove a hazard through: Isolation Enclosure Ventilation Substitution – Prevent or reduce responder exposure USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview Hazard Controls

11. Administrative controls – Regulate responders’ exposure to hazards through: Initiated policies Directives Other measures – Example: Responders exposure to a hazard is limited to less than length of work shift USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview Hazard Controls

12. Implement training to reduce hazard exposure IC determines when a hazardous situation must be entered – Need for animal health personnel varies according to the emergency type – Less likely to respond to chemical or radiological emergency Must be aware of your role USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview Hazard Reduction Training

13. Hazard control measures based on: – Need, feasibility, efficacy – Benefits of protecting human health – Total costs of PPE If PPE is deemed too costly, responders will not enter the hazardous area or perform work USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview Cost-Benefit Analysis

14. PPE Education and Training USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview

15. Training on PPE use reduces responder hazard exposure Effective training programs combine multiple approaches – Cognitive, affective, applied Remember, PPE is only effective when it is worn and used properly! USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview PPE Education and Training

16. PPE training programs should include: – Role of PPE and benefits of use – Precautions and limitations of PPE – Recognizing signs of cold/heat stress – Appropriate PPE selection – Importance of proper fitting USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview PPE Education and Training

17. PPE training programs should include: – Donning, doffing, and the buddy system – Detection of damaged/broken PPE – Sourcing of physicians/locations that can manage zoonotic diseases – Stress-management techniques – Decontamination, storage, maintenance, and disposal USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview PPE Education and Training

18. PPE Selection Based on Risk USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview

19. Zoonotic risk – Low: little/no risk to human health – Moderate: non-life-threatening risk – High: life-threatening risk Biosecurity risk – Low: non-contagious or vector-borne – Moderate: contagious, low survival – High: highly contagious, high survival USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview PPE Selection

20. USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview PPE Selection

21. USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview PPE Selection

22. PPE selection must consider: – Tasks assigned – Exertion level, extent of physical work – Temperature, humidity, and time worn – Classification of premises Many things to consider, but preparation and training are essential to a safe and successful response USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview Additional PPE Factors

23. FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines & SOP: Personal Protective Equipment (2011) – http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_ health/emergency_management/ http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_ health/emergency_management/ Personal Protective Equipment web-based training module – http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/ http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/ USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview For More Information

24. Authors (CFSPH) Janice Mogan, DVM Gayle B. Brown, DVM, PhD Elizabeth Wormley, Junior Veterinary Student Reviewers (USDA) Peter A. Petch, RPIH, CIPS, CIMT, CHS-V Stephen Goff, DVM USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment - Overview Guidelines Content

25. Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services PPT Authors: Dawn Bailey, BS; Kerry Leedom Larson, DVM, MPH, PhD, DACVPM Reviewers: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MS, MPH, DACVPM; Patricia Futoma, Veterinary Student; Janice Mogan, DVM