Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment

Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment
Lesson Three Objectives At the completion of this lesson, It is expected that all trainees will have the ability to: Explain why PPE is important Identify different types of PPE used in their workplace Demonstrate the basics of how to use PPE properly Pass the quiz at the end of this lesson 1 1

Shipyard Hazards Hazards Found in the Shipyard The following are types of workplace hazards you will find in the shipyard and in your shop. Circle the Physical Hazards you are exposed to. Physical Hazard Related Shipyard Process Example Pinch hazard Equipment gears rotating Trips and falls Lines crossing/walk-ways Vibration and noise Turbines rotating Electrical hazards Working on electrical boxes Extreme temperatures Steam plant lighting off Radiation exposure Radiation leak on nuclear vessel Confined Space Oxygen deficiency Fires Oily material ignited while welding Explosions Brazing material Cuts and abrasions Using machinery or tools Death All of the above 2

Shipyard Hazards Continued
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Shipyard Hazards Continued What to Look For Before beginning to work look for the following: Sources of electricity Sources of motion such as machines or processes where movement may exist that could result in an impact between personnel and equipment Sources of high temperatures that could result in burns, eye injuries or fire Types of chemicals used in the workplace Sources of harmful dusts Sources of light radiation, such as welding, brazing, cutting, furnaces, heat treating, high intensity lights, etc The potential for falling or dropping objects Sharp objects that could poke, cut, stab or puncture Biologic hazards such as blood or other potentially infected material 3 3

PPE Your Last Line of Defense
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment PPE Your Last Line of Defense Engineering Controls Controlling a hazard at its source is the best way to protect employees. These controls are called Engineering Controls and focus on the source of the hazard rather than on the employees exposed to the hazard. Depending on the hazard or workplace conditions, OSHA recommends the use of engineering or work practice controls to manage or eliminate hazards to the greatest extent possible. Types of Engineering Controls: Initial design specifications Substitute less harmful material Change process Enclose process Isolate process Ventilation Example: If a compressor is causing significant vibration, building walls around the compressor is an engineering control that will protect employees from noise. 4

PPE Your Last Line of Defense
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment PPE Your Last Line of Defense Administrative Controls Administrative controls are work practices, work methods, policies and procedures established by the employer with the goal of reducing exposure to a work-related risk and/or hazard. Administrative controls include: Rotating workers in jobs that induce body fatigue, such as welders and burners that use vibratory pneumatic tools in tasks such as smoothing welds or removing paint. These pneumatic tools can cause tendon, nerve or neurovascular disorders. Requiring worker in hot environments (such as tanks) to take breaks in cool areas and providing fluids for re-hydration Proper housekeeping. Reducing clutter reduces the chances for an accident and minimizes the effects if an accident occurs Conducting hearing tests Directing welders to use their hands and not their necks to raise and lower their welding hoods. Using the neck can cause neck trauma Safety training throughout the organization Communicating to workers through policies, procedures and signs 5

Personal Protective Equipment
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment PPE Video Overview ____________________________________________________________

Responsibilities Employer Responsibilities ( ) Employers are responsible for: Performing a "hazard assessment" of the workplace to identify and control physical and health hazards Identifying and providing appropriate PPE for employees Training employees in the use and care of the PPE Maintaining PPE, including replacing worn or damaged PPE Periodically reviewing, updating and evaluating the effectiveness of the PPE program Employee Responsibilities In general, employees should: Properly wear PPE Attend training sessions on PPE Care for, clean and maintain PPE (See next page) Inform a supervisor of the need to repair or replace PPE 7

Caring For PPE Inspect Employees should inspect their PPE for: Holes Rips and Tears Scratches Dents Test Employees should test their PPE. Does it still: Fit Seal Work Clean Employees should clean their PPE: Scrub Disinfect 8 8

Paying For PPE Employer When PPE is required to protect employees, it must be provided by the employer at no cost to employees, except for specific items, such as: Safety-toe footwear, Prescription safety eyewear, Everyday clothing and weather-related gear Carelessness You may be charged for replacement PPE if: You loose it frequently You store it improperly and it is damaged 9

PPE Limitations OSHA Requirements ( ) OSHA requires that MSDSs list information about appropriate PPE for each substance. Pay careful attention to these as not all PPE is appropriate at all times. Examples: Certain gloves will do little to protect you from certain chemicals Organic vapor cartridge respirators will be useless at protecting you from an atmosphere deficient in oxygen Limitations In addition to using PPE appropriately, remember that all PPE has limitations. Example: Gloves may develop small holes and most respirator cartridges do not indicate when they need replacement. Caution: Even appropriate PPE does not provide a 100% guarantee of safety! 10

PPE Selection Selection Rules Follow these rules when selecting PPE: All PPE clothing and equipment should be of safe design and construction, and should be maintained in a clean and reliable fashion Employers should take the fit and comfort of PPE into consideration when selecting appropriate items for their workplace PPE that fits well and is comfortable to wear will encourage employee use of PPE. Most protective devices are available in multiple sizes and care should be taken to select the proper size for each employee If several different types of PPE are worn together, make sure they are compatible If PPE does not fit properly, it can make the difference between being safely covered or dangerously exposed. It may not provide the level of protection desired and may discourage employee use. Often a number of styles and sizes must be offered to properly fit everyone 11

Training Employer Responsibilities Employers are required to train each employee who must use PPE. Employees must be trained to know at least the following: When PPE is necessary What PPE is necessary How to properly put on, take off, adjust and wear the PPE The limitations of the PPE Proper care, cleaning and maintenance over the useful life of PPE Proper disposal of PPE 12

Re-Training When to Re-Train ( ) Employers should make sure that each employee demonstrates an understanding of the PPE training as well as the ability to properly wear and use PPE before they are allowed to perform work requiring the use of the PPE. If an employer believes that a previously trained employee is not demonstrating the proper understanding and skill level in the use of PPE, that employee should receive retraining. Other situations that require additional or retraining of employees include changes: In the workplace In PPE 13 13

Eye Protection Identifying Each type of protective eyewear is designed to protect against specific hazards. Employers identify the specific workplace hazards that threaten employees’ eyes and faces Selecting Selecting the most suitable eye and face protection for employees should take into consideration the following elements: Ability to protect against specific workplace hazards. Should fit properly and be reasonably comfortable to wear. Should provide unrestricted vision and movement. Should be durable and cleanable. Should allow unrestricted functioning of any other required PPE. Protection selected for employee use must clearly identify the manufacturer. Protective eyewear with corrective lenses may only be used by the employee for whom the corrective prescription was issued. 14

Eye Protection Continued
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Eye Protection Continued Hazard Sources Dust, dirt, metal or wood chips Chipping Grinding Sawing Hammering Power Tools Strong Wind Chemical splashes from corrosive substances Hot liquids Solvents Other Hazardous Solutions Objects swinging into the eye or face Chains Tools Ropes Radiant Energy Welding Lasers Heat Glare Sparks 15 15

Eye Protection Continued
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Eye Protection Continued Protection Key Features Safety Glasses Impact resistant lenses Side shields required Goggles Tight fitting Completely cover the eyes, eye sockets and facial area Provide protection from impact, dust and splashes Some can fit over corrective lenses Face Shields Transparent sheets of plastic extend from the eyebrows to below the chin and across the entire width of the head Some are polarized for glare protection Provide protection from dust, splashes and sprays Does not protect effectively against impact. Use in combination with goggles or safety glasses for impact protection 16 16

Eye Protection Continued Protection Key Features Welding Shields Constructed with vulcanized fiber or fiberglass Fitted with a filtered lens Protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light Also protect both eyes and face from flying sparks, metal spatter and slag chips OSHA requires filter lenses to have a shade number appropriate to protect against the specific hazards of the work being performed Laser Safety Goggles Specialty goggles protect against intense concentrations of light produced by lasers Type of goggles will be determined by the equipment and operating conditions 17 17

Eye Protection Continued Prescription Lenses Everyday use of prescription corrective lenses will not provide adequate protection against most occupational eye and face hazards, so employers must make sure that employees with corrective lenses either wear eye protection that incorporates the prescription into the design or wear additional eye protection over their prescription lenses, such as the goggles in the photo above. Eye protection that incorporates the prescription into the design must be ANSI Z-87 approved. Important: Protective eyewear must not disturb the proper positioning of prescription lenses so that the employee’s vision will not be inhibited or limited. Also, employees who wear contact lenses must wear eye or face PPE when working in hazardous conditions. 18 18

Eye Protection Continued Eye Protection In All Shipyards Safety glasses must be worn in all production areas and on-board any ship Colored lenses are not allowed on-board any ship (may be worn in the shop or on the pier) Safety glasses are always required when wearing a face shield Contact lenses are not allowed in the production area. Soft poly lenses can melt to eyes from chemicals and hot work 19 19

Eye Protection Continued Exercise! Draw a Line From the Type of Eye Protection to the Key Feature It Possesses Protection extends from the eyebrows to below the chin and across the entire width of the head Does not protect against impact Impact resistant lenses Side shields required Tight fitting Some can fit over corrective lenses Constructed with vulcanized fiber or fiberglass Fitted with filtered lenses 20 20

Hearing Protection OSHA Requirements Excessive and loud noise in the workplace is both a safety and a health hazard. For that reason, OSHA has detailed requirements for workplaces in which noise rises above defined levels. Potential Losses In addition to causing temporary or permanent hearing loss, loud noise can result in the following: Fatigue—constantly straining to hear other people is tiring, and tired workers are more likely to have accidents Stress—continuous loud noise is extremely irritating, causing accidents and illnesses Missed directions or warnings—if you can’t hear properly, you might miss an important instruction or warning, resulting in a serious accident or injury Note: Even if the noise level in your workplace doesn’t fall within the range requiring OSHA’s Hearing Conservation Program, it makes sense to pay attention to noise hazards. Damage to hearing can’t be cured, but it can be prevented—and so can related accidents. 21

Hearing Protection Continued
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Hearing Protection Continued Noise Noise can damage your hearing. A noise level of 85 dB(A) over an 8-hour work day is potentially damaging. The louder the noise, the faster the damage. Sound intensity doubles every 3 dB. This means that for every 3 dB increase in sound level the potential for ear damage doubles. Maximum permitted daily duration in hours Decibels increasing in units of 3 dB 8 85 4 88 2 91 1 94 1/2 97 1/4 100 22 22

Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Hearing Protection Continued Noise Limits OSHA regulation: 29 CFR requires that any workplace with a continuous average noise level of 85 decibels (dB) or more could be hazardous to those who work there. Note: 85 dB equals the noise produced by an electric sander. The noise level in a typical factory is a few dBs lower or higher than 85. Workplace Requirements ( ) Workplaces that fall under the OSHA hearing standard must: Take steps to reduce noise levels where possible Monitor noise levels and inform employees about areas with excessive noise Make effective hearing protectors available Train employees in how to use hearing protectors properly, and Test employees’ hearing and provide annual follow-up tests. 23 23

Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Hearing Protection Continued Types of Hearing Protection Ear Muffs Ear Plugs Canal Caps Protection Key Feature Ear Muffs Muffs tend to be worn correctly. Keep the sealing pad is clean (soap and water) If compressed, the muff should quickly springs back to its original shape. Be sure the muffs are compatible with other types of PPE such as safety glasses Ear Plugs More easily compatible with other type of PPE Ear plugs must be worn properly Should be disposed of daily Canal Caps Ear canal caps are a combination of earplugs and noise muffs. One size fits most of the population. These devices may fit into the ear canal or they may just cap the outside of the ear canal. The best protection is provided by those than fit into the ear canal. Unlike noise muffs, the temple of eye glasses do not interfere with proper fit. Ear canal caps are good for short intermittent exposures. However, they are only effective for noise levels up to 95 dB (A). 24 24

Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Hearing Protection Continued Hearing Protection In all Shipyards Look for sings that warn you of hearing protection requirements Disposable ear plugs are available on-board and in the yard. Look for them in tools rooms and entries to machine spaces. 25 25

Head Protection Head Protection ( ) Prevention of head injuries is an important factor in the workplace. A single injury can kill an employee or handicap them for life. A survey by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of accidents and injuries conveyed that most workers who suffered impact injuries to the head were not wearing head protection. The majority of workers were injured while doing their normal jobs at their regular worksites. Wear a hard hat to avoid hazards of falling objects or bumping into objects when working under: Conveyor belts or other moving machinery Low ceilings Hanging objects Moving objects Hard hats are also required when: Working in production areas You are exposed live wires Below other workers 26 26

Head Protection Continued
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Continued Hard Hat Key Points Hard hats require a hard outer shell and a shock-absorbing lining. The lining should incorporate a head band and straps that suspend the shell from 1 to 1-1/4 inches away from the user’s head to provide shock absorption during impact and ventilation during wear. Look at the inside of any protective helmet you are considering wearing and you should see a label showing the manufacturer’s name, the ANSI standard it meets, and its class. You should: Wear hard hats as designated. Do not wear them backwards. Inspect them daily. Remove them from service if the suspension system shows signs of deterioration or no longer holds the shell away from the your head Make sure the brim or shell is not cracked, perforated or deformed or shows signs of exposure to heat, chemicals, or ultraviolet light Limit use of paints and stickers which can hide signs of deterioration in the hard hat shell. Paints, paint thinners, and some cleaning agents can weaken the shell of the hard hat and may eliminate electrical resistance 27 27

Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Continued Class Characteristics Protection G (Previously A) Resist impact and penetration Low-voltage shock E (Previously B) High-voltage shock C Usually aluminum Does not protect against electricity Never wear a metal hard hat around electricity 28 28

Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Continued Head Protection In All Shipyards Hard hats must be worn in all production areas, piers and on-board any ship Welders must tie back long hair or wear a cap to avoid catching the hair on fire! 29 29

Foot Protection Foot Protection ( ) Workers may be at risk of crushing injuries due to contact with falling or rolling objects [ ]; as well as punctures from sharp objects. Additional hazards include contact with: Electrical or electricity Molten metals Hot surfaces Chemicals Wet or slippery surfaces Injuries Caused by Hazards Crushing from falling objects Crushing from rolling cylinders Punctures from sharp objects Burns or shocks from electrical hazards Burns from molten metal or hot surfaces Skin contact or burns from chemicals Slips and falls from wet or slippery surfaces Injuries may be prevented by the use of appropriate footwear. 30 30

Foot Protection Continued
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection Continued OSHA Requirements ( ) Workers must wear protective footwear when working in areas where there is a danger of falling or rolling objects or objects piercing the sole. ( (a)) Examples include: Impact injuries from carrying or handling materials such as equipment, objects, parts, or heavy tools which could be dropped or from objects that may fall during work activities Compression injuries from work activities involving forklifts, gas cylinders, and heavy pipes, which could roll onto worker's feet Puncture injuries from sharp objects such as nails, screws, staples, scrap or sheet metal, which workers may step on Additional requirements include: Protective footwear must meet ANSI Z41 or equivalent design requirements ( (b) Safety shoes or boots may be required to provide special electrical conduction or insulation to prevent electric shock or static electric spark Chemical-resistant boots may be required to provide protection from caustic, reactive, toxic, or corrosive materials during cleaning, painting, or surface preparation. 31 31

Foot Protection Continued
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection Continued Foot Protection In all Shipyards In all production areas you are required to wear footwear with: Hard soles Leather uppers with a pronounced rise above the ankle A heal to support you in climbing up and down ladders Steel toed boots are required when working on all ships at the MSRs Never wear sandals or tennis shoes in the production areas! 32 32

Hand Protection OSHA Requirements ( ) You need to protect your hands and arms from: Burns Bruises Abrasions Cuts Punctures Fractures Amputations Chemical Exposures 33 33

Hand Protection Continued
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Continued Selection Different types of gloves protect hands from specific hazards. Some gloves are designed to protect hands from: Sparks Flames Flying particles. These hazards are caused by welding, cutting and other processes that involve a torch or other heat sources. Some gloves protect against: Chemicals Electrical shock. Cut resistant gloves protect against sharp tools or materials such as: Metal Glass Abrasive materials 34 34

Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Continued Type Protection Norfoil A laminate that resists permeation and breakthrough by an array of toxic/hazardous chemicals. Butyl Provides the highest permeation resistance to gas or water vapors; frequently used for ketones (M.E.K., Acetone) and esters (Amyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate). Viton Highly resistant to permeation by chlorinated and aromatic solvents. Nitrile Provides protection against a wide variety of solvents, harsh chemicals, fats and petroleum products and also provides excellent resistance to cuts, snags, punctures and abrasions. 35 35

Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Continued Type Protection Kevlar Protects against cuts, slashes and abrasions Stainless Steel Mesh Protects against cuts and lacerations Leather Protects against rough objects, chips, sparks, moderate heat 36 36

Body Protection Types of Body Injuries Below are types of body injuries found in the shipyard: Intense heat Splashes of hot metals and other hot liquids Impacts from tools, machinery, and materials Cuts Hazardous chemicals Contact with potentially infectious materials, like blood Radiation 37 37

Body Protection Continued
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Body Protection Continued Protective Clothing Protective clothing is needed for most types of production work in the shipyard. Materials must be safe in the given workplace environment. For example, flammable clothing is not acceptable for a torch operator. Sleeves and pant legs should be appropriate lengths. Those that are too long tend to catch on machinery. This can cause falls or pull the worker into the machinery. Pants and tops should not have cuffs. Cuffs can collect sparks, dust and other potential hazardous materials. Proper fit is crucial. Tight clothing restricts motion and may cause an accident. Loose clothing can catch on parts of machines or fall into moving parts. For the same reason, shirt and jacket sleeves should be buttoned or rolled. Shirts should be tucked in. A clip or large rubber band may help keep clothing in place. 38 38

Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Body Protection Continued Protection Options If You Need Protection From: Then Use: Moderate heat or sparks Flame-resistant cotton or down Open flames Flame-retardant and heat-resistant synthetics Wet jobs, chemicals, corrosives, pathogens Rubber, neoprene, vinyl Light impact-like scrapes Leather 39 39

Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Body Protection Continued Body Protection In all Shipyards Typically wear the following in all production areas: Long pants Shirts that cover your shoulders Heavy cotton and denim work best Avoid the following: Nylon Rayon Polyester 40 40

Personal Protective Equipment
Lesson 3: Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment For each statement below circle T for True or F for False. T F Goggles provide protection from impact, dust and splashes You must wear a hard hat and safety glasses on board ship at all times Welders must tie back their hair while welding Your footwear must have steel toes if you are on-board You can usually find ear plugs in the personnel department 41 41

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