3. Bothell Fire and E.M.S.

4. INTRO TO PUMP OPERATIONS Written and Produced by Jon Troglia Jon Troglia Bothell Fire and EMS

5. INTRO TO PUMP OPERATIONS 2 Water – IN Water - OUT

6. Water – IN 3 Tank Tank –(?) Gallons 500 500 Fire Hydrant Fire Hydrant Drafting Drafting

7. Water – OUT 1 PUMP IT!!! PUMP IT!!!

8. INTRO TO PUMP OPERATIONS Positive displacement Positive displacement –Hand operated in early times A piston in a cylinder used to force water out. A piston in a cylinder used to force water out. Rotary pumps Rotary pumps – A hand crank operated gears to force water out. Non-Positive displacement Non-Positive displacement –Centrifugal Used primarily as main pump today. Used primarily as main pump today.

9. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT Piston. Piston. –Used for high pressure application. –Quantity is determined by. Size of piston. Size of piston. Length of stroke. Length of stroke. No. Of strokes per min. No. Of strokes per min. No. Of cylinders. No. Of cylinders.

14. Rotary Rotary –Developed long after piston pumps –Its use as a main pump has declined –Still used today for priming pumps Self priming Self priming

15. Rotary Gear –Consists of two gears tightly meshed. –Picks up water and air between teeth. –As the teeth rotate its moved toward the discharge. –Due to the close meshing of the teeth water and air are forced out.

16. Rotary Vane Centrifugal force forces the vanes out. Centrifugal force forces the vanes out. Much more efficient than rotary gear. Much more efficient than rotary gear. Off center mount for increased pressure. Off center mount for increased pressure. Commonly used for priming pump Commonly used for priming pump

17. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS (Non Positive Displacement) Will not discharge a definite amount of water with each revolution. Will not discharge a definite amount of water with each revolution. Uses velocity to convert water to pressure. Uses velocity to convert water to pressure. Gives the pump flexibility and versatility eliminating the Positive Displacement pump as main. Gives the pump flexibility and versatility eliminating the Positive Displacement pump as main. Theory. Theory. –Needs a spinning disk to create centrifugal force. –Throws water from the center to the outer edge.

18. PUMP COMPONENTS Impeller Impeller –Transmits energy in the form of velocity to the water. –2,000 – 4,000 rpm. Casing Casing –Collects the water and confines it in order to convert the velocity to pressure and directs it to the discharge.

19. Impeller Eye Eye –Water enters to the vanes Hub Hub –Around the eye Vanes Vanes –Water contacts the vanes and is thrown outward. Shrouds Shrouds –Water is confined in its travel, which increases the velocity for a given speed

20. Casing Volute Volute –Off center impeller Stripping edge (Cut Water) Stripping edge (Cut Water) –Diverts water 180degrees apart Discharge Discharge –Three factors influencing discharge pressure. Amount of water being discharged Amount of water being discharged Speed of impeller Speed of impeller Hydrant pressure Hydrant pressure

21. Centrifugal Pump Components The two main components of a centrifugal pump are the impeller and the volute. The impeller produces liquid velocity and the volute forces the liquid to discharge from the pump converting velocity to pressure. This is accomplished by offsetting the impeller in the volute and by maintaining a close clearance between the impeller and the volute at the cut-water. Please note the impeller rotation. A centrifugal pump impeller slings the liquid out of the volute. It does not cup the liquid.

23. Thrusts Lateral thrust Lateral thrust –Minimized by – Double suction impeller Radial thrust Radial thrust –Minimized by– Stripping edge or (Cut Water)

24. Wear or Clearance Rings Stops water from reentering the intake eye. Stops water from reentering the intake eye. Replaceable when worn Replaceable when worn Can come in contact with the Hub when overheated. Can come in contact with the Hub when overheated.

25. Wear Ring

26. Packing Rope fibers impregnated with graphite or lead. Rope fibers impregnated with graphite or lead. Pushed into a stuffing box by packing gland. Pushed into a stuffing box by packing gland. Lubricated by pump water. Lubricated by pump water. Wear is common and adjustment necessary Wear is common and adjustment necessary –10-120 drips /min. @ 150 psi.

27. Pump Packing

28. Wear Rings Pump Packing Impeller

29. Flinger ring Throws water off the impeller shaft. Throws water off the impeller shaft. Stops water from entering the gears and bearings in the transfer case Stops water from entering the gears and bearings in the transfer case

30. Flinger Ring

31. PUMP DRIVES Separate engine Separate engine Front of the crankshaft Front of the crankshaft Power take-off Power take-off Drive shaft operation Drive shaft operation

32. Separate engine Advantages Advantages –Portable. –Pump speed independent of vehicle. Disadvantages Disadvantages –Limited capacity and pressure. –Additional engine to maintain. –Additional fuel

33. Front of the crankshaft Advantages Advantages –Simple linkage. –Simplified controls –All operations in front of truck. –Independent drive system, can pump while driving. Disadvantages Disadvantages –Pump subject to freezing and damage. –Size of pump limited. –While moving, pump discharge dependent on engine speed. –Clutch can slip.

34. Power take-off Advantages Advantages –Can pump in motion. –Simple linkage. –Can be used to drive large pumps. Disadvantages Disadvantages –For some engines a limited amount of power is available. –A clutch is required.

35. Drive shaft operation (most common) Advantages Advantages –Full power if engine is available for pumping. –Can be used for large pumps. –No clutches Disadvantages Disadvantages –Power to drive wheels is disconnected. –Relatively complex mechanical operation. –Manual override is necessary for electrical shift operation.

37. DRIVE SHAFT COMPONENTS Drive Drive Pump Drive gear Pump Drive gear Engine Drive Gear Engine Drive Gear Sliding Collar Sliding Collar Rear Wheel Drive Gear Rear Wheel Drive Gear Rear Wheel Drive Rear Wheel Drive

43. PUMP PIPING AND VALVES (Primary components) Intake piping Intake piping Discharge piping Discharge piping Valves Valves Pump drains Pump drains

44. Intake Piping Tank to pump Tank to pump –Must be large enough to supply enough water for adequate hose streams. –Many as large as 4 in. –All have check valves

45. Intake Piping External piping External piping –Round outside the pump panel –Square inside the pump panel –Front and rear are auxiliary only

46. Discharge Piping 2 ½ in. discharge outlets or larger 2 ½ in. discharge outlets or larger –Flow rate for a 2 ½ in. = 250 gpm Handlines smaller than 2 ½ must be connected to at least 2” piping. Handlines smaller than 2 ½ must be connected to at least 2” piping.

47. Discharge Piping (Tank fill) Provided from the discharge side of the pump Provided from the discharge side of the pump Must be at least 1” in diameter Must be at least 1” in diameter Can be used to circulate water through the pump Can be used to circulate water through the pump

48. Valves Require repair as they age and are used. Require repair as they age and are used. Most common is the ball valve Most common is the ball valve Gate or butterfly also used Gate or butterfly also used Manually or electrically controlled. Manually or electrically controlled.

49. Pump drains Discharge drains between the control valve and the discharge opening. Discharge drains between the control valve and the discharge opening. Master drain valve. Master drain valve. –Do not operate while pump is running.

50. PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM Absorbs surges to the nozzle Absorbs surges to the nozzle NFPA 1901 required NFPA 1901 required –Relief Valve –Pilot valve –Pressure governor

51. Relief valve Set whenever more than one line is being supplied by the pump Set whenever more than one line is being supplied by the pump Whenever operating in a relay situation. Whenever operating in a relay situation. To set, lines must be flowing. To set, lines must be flowing. Cannot compensate for a decrease in pressure. Cannot compensate for a decrease in pressure. To operate reliably, it must be exercised. To operate reliably, it must be exercised.

52. Pilot valve One of two valves used to operate the system One of two valves used to operate the system –Controls the relief valve –Located on the pump panel. Relief valve Relief valve –installed between intake and discharge side of pump.

53. Electronic Governor Transducer Transducer –A pressure sensing device Reduces fuel flow Reduces fuel flow Adjusts for cavitation Adjusts for cavitation –Returns to Idle when intake pressure < 30 psi

54. PRIMING DEVICE Needed in order to draft water Needed in order to draft water Three types Three types –Exhaust Primer Venturi effect Venturi effect –Vacuum Primer From manifold in gas engines From manifold in gas engines –Positive Displacement Primer

55. Positive Displacement Primer Most common Driven by electric motor Uses lubricant to seal Draws lube and water – –#60 (.004) drill hole in reservoir tube NOTE – never pull primer while pumping

57. BYPASS / CIRCULATING LINE 3/8 ” line – –Circulates water from the tank to the tank – –Cools the pump when not flowing

58. Discharge Cavitation Discharge Cavitation occurs when the pump discharge is extremely high. It normally occurs in a pump that is running at less than 10% of its best efficiency point. The high discharge pressure causes the majority of the fluid to circulate inside the pump instead of being allowed to flow out the discharge. As the liquid flows around the impeller it must pass through the small clearance between the impeller and the pump cutwater at extremely high velocity. This velocity causes a vacuum to develop at the cutwater similar to what occurs in a venturi and turns the liquid into a vapor. A pump that has been operating under these conditions shows premature wear of the impeller vane tips and the pump cutwater. In addition due to the high pressure condition premature failure of the pump mechanical seal and bearings can be expected and under extreme conditions will break the impeller shaft.

59. Fire Commander The Detroit Diesel Electronic Fire Commander (EFC) is the most versatile pump controller and apparatus information center. It is connected directly to the DDEC III ECM. The EFC operates the pressure sensor governor (PSG) and displays all vital engine operating parameters such as engine temperature, oil pressure, engine RPM, and voltage. It also notifies the driver/ engineer of any problems with the engine and apparatus through the information center's alpha- numeric display. The EFC eliminates the need for OEM installed engine gauges, engine warning lights, relief valve, throttle and also includes a pump preset function. English or metric capability Engine and pump hours through message center No additional sensors needed Message center for engine problems Simplified installation Environmentally sealed components Engine speed governor Pump pressure governor Features