1. Clicker Questions Chapter 4 The Solar System Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. Question 1 Which of the following are terrestrial planets? a)only Earth b)Earth, Moon, and Venus c)Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars d)Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Pluto e)Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Ceres

3. Question 1 Which of the following are terrestrial planets? a)only Earth b)Earth, Moon, and Venus c)Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars d)Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Pluto e)Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Ceres Terrestrial planets are “Earth-like.”

4. Question 2 The major difference(s) between the terrestrial and jovian planets involve(s) a) mass. b) density. c) rotation speed. d) density and rotation speed. e) mass and density.

5. Question 2 The major difference(s) between the terrestrial and jovian planets involve(s) a) mass. b) density. c) rotation speed. d) density and rotation speed. e) mass and density. Jovian planets are more massive, but less dense, than terrestrial planets.

6. Question 3 Which of the following defines density? a) mass times surface gravity b) mass divided by volume c) size divided by weight d) mass times surface area e) weight divided by size

7. Question 3 Which of the following defines density? a) mass times surface gravity b) mass divided by volume c) size divided by weight d) mass times surface area e) weight divided by size Density can be thought of as MATTER SPACE Lots of matter in a small space = HIGH density. Little matter in a large space = LOW density.

8. a) increases if the object is farther away. b) decreases if the object is farther away. c) is measured in light-years. d) determines its parallax. e) depends on its location in the sky. Question 4 The angular diameter of an object

9. a) increases if the object is farther away. b) decreases if the object is farther away. c) is measured in light-years. d) determines its parallax. e) depends on its location in the sky. Question 4 The angular diameter of an object Angular diameter depends directly on size and inversely on distance.

10. Question 5 Compared with terrestrial planets, jovian planets share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT a) low density. b) large size. c) many moons. d) ring systems. e) slower rotation.

11. Question 5 Compared with terrestrial planets, jovian planets share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT a) low density. b) large size. c) many moons. d) ring systems. e) slower rotation.

12. a) the terrestrial planets. b) the jovian planets. c) asteroids. d) the moons of jovian planets. e) the moons of terrestrial planets. Pluto seems to be more similar to Question 6

13. a) the terrestrial planets. b) the jovian planets. c) asteroids. d) the moons of jovian planets. e) the moons of terrestrial planets. Pluto seems to be more similar to Question 6 Pluto is perhaps best categorized as a Kuiper belt object rather than a planet.

14. a) beyond the orbit of Neptune. b) between Earth and the Sun. c) between Mars and Jupiter. d) in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or behind it. e) orbiting the jovian planets in captured, retrograde orbits. Most asteroids are found Question 7

15. a) beyond the orbit of Neptune. b) between Earth and the Sun. c) between Mars and Jupiter. d) in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or behind it. e) orbiting the jovian planets in captured, retrograde orbits. Question 7 Most asteroids are found The Asteroid Belt is located between 2.1 and 3.3 A U from the Sun.

16. Question 8 The asteroid belt is evidence of a) a planet that once orbited the Sun but later was destroyed. b) ancient material from the formation of the solar system. c) a collision between Jupiter and one of its larger moons. d) comets that were trapped by Jupiter’s gravitational field.

17. Question 8 The asteroid belt is evidence of a) a planet that once orbited the Sun but later was destroyed. b) ancient material from the formation of the solar system. c) a collision between Jupiter and one of its larger moons. d) comets that were trapped by Jupiter’s gravitational field. Asteroids, meteoroids, and comets may have not changed at all since the solar system formed.

18. Question 9 Compared to asteroids, comets show all of these properties EXCEPT a)their densities are higher. b)their orbits tend to be more elliptical. c)they tend to be made of ice. d)they can look fuzzy, whereas asteroids appear as moving points of light. e)their average distances from the Sun are far greater.

19. Question 9 Compared to asteroids, comets show all of these properties EXCEPT Comets have densities much lower than asteroids or planets. a)their densities are higher. b)their orbits tend to be more elliptical. c)they tend to be made of ice. d)they can look fuzzy, whereas asteroids appear as moving points of light. e)their average distances from the Sun are far greater.

20. What causes a meteor shower? Question 10 a) A comet and an asteroid collide. b) Earth runs into a stray swarm of asteroids. c) Earth runs into the debris of an old comet littering its orbit. d) Meteorites are ejected from the Moon. e) Debris from a supernova enters Earth’s atmosphere

21. What causes a meteor shower? Question 10 Meteor showers can generate a few shooting stars, to hundreds of thousands, seen in an hour. a) A comet and an asteroid collide. b) Earth runs into a stray swarm of asteroids. c) Earth runs into the debris of an old comet littering its orbit. d) Meteorites are ejected from the Moon. e) Debris from a supernova enters Earth’s atmosphere

22. Question 11 Any theory of the origin of the solar system must explain all of these EXCEPT a) the orbits of the planets are nearly circular, and in the same plane. b) the direction that planets orbit the Sun is opposite to the Sun’s spin. c) the terrestrial planets have higher density and lower mass. d) comets do not necessarily orbit in the plane of the solar system.

23. Question 11 Any theory of the origin of the solar system must explain all of these EXCEPT a) the orbits of the planets are nearly circular, and in the same plane. b) the direction that planets orbit the Sun is opposite to the Sun’s spin. c) the terrestrial planets have higher density and lower mass. d) comets do not necessarily orbit in the plane of the solar system. The planets do orbit in the same direction that the Sun spins. Most also spin in that direction, and most also have large moons that orbit in that direction.

24. Question 12 The condensation sequence theory explains why a) our planet Earth has water and rain. b) stars are more likely to form large planets orbiting very near. c) terrestrial planets are different from jovian planets. d) the Moon formed near the Earth. e) Pluto has such a circular orbit.

25. Question 12 The condensation sequence theory explains why a) our planet Earth has water and rain. b) stars are more likely to form large planets orbiting very near. c) terrestrial planets are different from jovian planets. d) the Moon formed near to Earth. e) Pluto has such a circular orbit. The condensation sequence theory explains how the temperature of the early solar nebula controls which materials are solid, and which are gaseous.

26. Question 13 Astronomers have detected most extrasolar planets by observing a) the “wobble” of their parent stars using spectroscopy. b) starlight reflected by their surfaces. c) eclipses when the planets block the light of their parent stars. d) the planets’ changing phases as they orbit their stars.

27. Question 13 Astronomers have detected most extrasolar planets by observing a) the “wobble” of their parent stars using spectroscopy. b) starlight reflected by their surfaces. c) eclipses when the planets block the light of their parent stars. d) the planets’ changing phases as they orbit their stars. Measurements of the periodic Doppler shift in the spectra of the star 51 Pegasi indicate it has a planetary companion.

28. Question 14 Extrasolar planets the size of Earth have NOT been seen yet with current techniques because a) small planets probably don’t exist. b) the large planets nearby have swept them up. c) Earth-like planets take time to form. d) large planets orbiting near to their stars are more easily detected. e) small planets can only be seen if they cross in front of their star.

29. Question 14 Extrasolar planets the size of Earth have NOT been seen yet with current techniques because a) small planets probably don’t exist. b) the large planets nearby have swept them up. c) Earth-like planets take time to form. d) large planets orbiting near to their stars are more easily detected. e) small planets can only be seen if they cross in front of their star. Looking for detectable “wobbles” in the spectra of stars finds massive planets with small orbits. Other techniques may be needed to see less massive Earth-like planets.