1. Bell Ringer

2. Unit 1 Review

3. Scientific Method

4. 1.Hypothesis: prediction of outcome of the experiment; if, then statement 2.Experiment: controlled test of a hypothesis 3.Theory: a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations 4.Difference between hypothesis & theory: hypothesis has not been tested; theory has been tested many times and lots of data support the conclusion 5.After an experiment: publish results to be retested

5. Hypothesis  Theory  Law

6. 6.Independent = you CHANGE it; the “cause” in the experiment; the “IF” statement of the hypothesis 7.Dependent = you MEASURE it; the “effect” in the experiment; the “THEN” statement of the hypothesis 8.Constant = something that is NOT changed

7. Experimental Group The Independent variable is CHANGED The “test” group Control Group The Independent variable is NOT changed Used for comparison of results

8. Redi #1 Needham #2

9. Spallanzani #3 Pasteur #4

10. Spontaneous Generation Experiments Spontaneous Generation experiments proved that Life (living things) came from Life (other living things). Which one had an error in the scientific design? Needham; did not boil long enough to kill all of the microorganisms so they reproduced & the broth became cloudy Which one disproved spontaneous generation for larger organisms? Redi (flies did NOT come from meat) Which one completely disproved spontaneous generation? Pasteur (used S-shaped flasks to trap dust/microorganisms so broth stayed clear)

11. Muscle Tissue Examples: Skeletal, Smooth, & Cardiac muscle Movement = expand/contract

12. Connective Tissue Examples: bone, blood, cartilage, fat, tendons insulation, cushioning, attachment, & support

13. Nervous Tissue Examples: ganglia, motor neurons & sensory neurons Sensation, communication, & response

14. Epithelial Tissue Examples: skin, linings of internal organs Coverings & linings; protection

16. Integumentary System Organs/Structures: Skin Hair Nails Functions: Protection Maintains body temperature

17. Muscular System Organs: Smooth Muscles Cardiac Muscles Skeletal Muscles Tendons Functions: Movement Support Structure

18. Skeletal System Organs: Bones Cartilage Ligaments Joints Functions: Framework (support/structure) Blood cell formation Mineral storage Movement

19. Cardiovascular System Organs: Heart Arteries (from heart) Veins (to heart) Functions: Transports nutrients & wastes throughout the body Transports O 2 from the lungs & CO 2 to the lungs

20. Respiratory System Organs/Structures: Lungs Diaphragm Pharynx Larynx Trachea Functions: Exchange Oxygen for Carbon Dioxide from the lungs to the bloodstream CO 2 out & O 2 in

21. Nervous System Organs: Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Motor Nerves Sensory Nerves Functions: Communication Coordination Sensation Response

22. Digestive System Organs/Structures: Esophagus Stomach Spleen Liver Gall Bladder Small & Large Intestines Rectum Functions: Digest (break down) food Absorb nutrients Eliminate solid waste

23. Organs/Structures: Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Functions: Remove waste/toxins from bloodstream Maintain water/chemical balance (HOMEOSTASIS) Urinary/Excretory System

24. Lymphatic System Organs/Structures: Lymph Nodes Lymph (fluid) Lymphatic vessels Spleen Thymus gland Functions: Returns fluid to the cardiovascular system Immune system that fights bacteria/viruses

25. Endocrine System Functions: Hormone Production Homeostasis Metabolism Organs/Structures: Glands Thymus Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenals Pancreas Ovaries Testes

26. Reproductive System Organs/Structures: Female Ovaries Uterus Vagina Male Penis Testes Prostate gland Functions: Produce gametes & offspring Female: produce eggs (ovum) & protect/nurture offspring during development Male: produce sperm