1. Methods of Instruction

2. Learning Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, participants will be able to: – Compare and contrast a range of instructional methods. – Select appropriate instructional methods for specific content. – Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each method. 2

3. Methods of Instruction Teaching lecture Guided discussion Teaching interview Case study Demonstration performance 3

4. Review Determining the method of delivery should be a part of the analysis – Audience – Objectives 4 IMPLEMENT ANALYSIS DESIGN DEVELOP

5. Lecture Method A teaching lecture is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject given by a single individual. 5

6. Formal Lecture One way communication Usually given to large groups Structured and rehearsed 6 TED

7. Informal Lecture Two way communication Usually given to smaller groups Conversational tone 7

8. Teaching Lecture Method Advantages Factual material is presented in a direct, logical manner May provide experiences that inspire - useful for large group Most efficient way to convey teacher spoken information Disadvantages Proficient oral skills are necessary Audience is often passive Learning is difficult to determine as the lecture progresses Communication is one-way Preparation Become very familiar with subject Provide comfortable, non-distracting environment Be mindful of trainees’ mental and physical state (hunger, fatigue) 8

9. Guided Discussion Exposes students to a variety of diverse perspectives, helps them recognize and investigate their assumptions, improves listening and conversation skills, fosters connection to a topic, and affirms students as co-creators of knowledge 9

10. Methods 10 I ss s s s I ss s s s FormalInformalGuided Discussion I s s s s

11. Guided discussion All channel communication Multiple responses Allows for discussion of the material 11 I s s s s

12. Guided Discussion - Delivery Participation Tips – Get to know your students. – Always consider your objectives. – Come prepared with prompts. – Circulate the room if working in groups REMEMBER The instructor must be flexible in order to help the student reach a planned lesson objective. Write the lesson plan is such a way to give that flexibility to instructors. 12

13. Guided Discussion Questioning Techniques – Open-ended question – Reflected question – Redirecting 13 When asking an open-ended question, how long should you wait for an answer?

14. In what situations would the various methods be appropriate? 14

15. Applying the methods Guided discussion Informal lecture Formal lecture 15 Cognitive Evaluation Synthesis Analysis Application Comprehension Knowledge Explain Interpret Describe ____ Name List Identify

16. Demonstration Performance The demonstration method of instruction provides a "clear picture" of a task that must be learned. The performance method of instruction is based on the principle that one learns best by doing. 16

17. Demonstration Performance The body of the lesson plan includes four phases – Explanation – Demonstration – Performance/Supervision – Evaluation 17

18. Demonstration Performance Mental Skills Math formulas Map reading Languages 18

19. Demonstration Performance Physical Skills Cutting Drilling Measuring 19

20. Criterion Objective Objectives are a little different with a Demonstration Performance lesson. You should write a Criterion Objective so students know exactly what they are to do, under what conditions, and how well they are to do it. Performance: States behaviorally what is required to do Condition: States what resources can and cannot be used Standard: Specifies how well task must be performed 20

21. Remaining Methods Teaching interview Case study 21

22. Teaching interview Interviewing experts Advance questions 22

23. Case Study Some students are more inductive than deductive Can be very effective as a capstone technique for teaching 23

24. Advantages of the case study Problem solving Requires student to be analytical Requires students to engage in decision- making 24

25. Setting up the case study What is the issue? What is the goal of the case study? What is the context of the problem? What key facts should be considered? 25

26. Case study Information Principles Concepts Outcomes 26 Case

27. Case Study What are the facts? What is the problem? 27

28. Methods of Instruction Review Teaching lecture Guided discussion Teaching interview Case study Demonstration performance 28