1. Detection and Prevention
Power System Fault:
Detection and Prevention
Ryan Habib
Wilkes University
Huy Tran
Richland College

2. Purpose
Construct a simple data acquisition system to mimic the measuring of an arc flash incident

3. Arc Flash
A rapid release of energy in the form of an electrical explosion that results from a low impedance connection between lines of different voltage or phases

4. Arc Flash damage
Most burns from electrical accidents are a result of arc flash
Temperatures can reach up to 20,000⁰C
Most occurrences are in industrial settings due to required power levels

5. Arc Flash Experimentation
Fiber Optic Internet
Connection
Slug calorimeters and
Pressure sensors
NI cRio:
16 Differential AI
16 TTL Compatible DI/O
AD210 + MOV
Analog Devices
7B-47-K-04-1
(Build-in CJC)
Experimental DAQ System

6. Arc Flash Simulation

8. SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) Systems
Versatile industrial control system
Components
Sensor
Remote terminal unit
Central computer

9. Sensors
Reads a signal from a physical property and converts it into one usable by a control system
Photoresistor
Hall effect sensor

10. Thermocouple Type K thermocouple
Produces output voltage dependent on temperature
Made of two metals with different conducting properties
Temperature range of ⁰C to 1350⁰C

11. Types of Thermocouples
Materials
Traits
B/R/S
Platinum-Rhodium
Low Sensitivity, High Cost E
Chromel-Constantan
High Sensitivity, Non-metallic J
Iron-Constantan
Low Range, High Sensitivity K
Chromel-Alumel
Inexpensive, Versatile, Reliable N
Nicrosil-Nisil
More stable in high-energy environments T
Copper-Constantan
Very Stable, especially at lower temperatures

12. Analog to Digital Conversion
7B47 Signal Conditioning Module
Successive Approximation ADC

13. Data Logger Records digital data from the sensors
Easily connected to other machines to display information in real time

14. GL800
Simultaneously displays and records data from up to 20 inputs

15. LabVIEW
Large quantity of functions for data acquisition, signal conditioning, and data analysis purposes
Extensive support for accessing instrumentation hardware

16. System Setup
Seven thermocouples were each connected to their own 7B47 signal conditioning module
Each module was connected to an input of the GL800
USB/Ethernet cable connected GL800 to computer

17. Test Process Place thermocouple in water to be measured
Send digital pulse to trigger the GL800 data recording
Connect computer to GL800 to record data on the computer
Convert data from GL800 from voltage to temperature

18. Setup

20. Results: Change from Air to Hot Water

21. Results: Change from Air to Hot Water (Average)

22. Results: Change from Air to Cold Water

23. Results: Change from Air to Cold Water (Average)

24. Results: Change from Hot Water to Air

25. Results: Change from Hot Water to Air (Average)

26. Results: Change from Cold Water to Air

27. Results: Change from Cold Water to Air (Average)

28. Results: Change from Hot Water to Cold Water

29. Results: Change from Hot Water to Cold Water (Average)

30. Results: Change from Cold Water to Hot Water

31. Results: Change from Cold Water to Hot Water (Average)

32. Results: Change from Adding Hot Water to Cold Water

33. Results: Change from Adding Hot Water to Cold Water (Average)

34. Data Analysis
System did a solid, yet unspectacular, job of reading changes in water temperature
Variance in quality of measurements throughout the different tests
Could be attributed to variety of factors, including low sample rate and lack of memory

35. Comparisons with LabVIEW
Using LabVIEW would’ve solved the issues with sample rate and memory
Interface is much less intuitive
Weeks/months to master skills necessary for this type of task

36. Conclusion
The DAQ system was able to measure changes in temperature in a relatively effective manner
The components in the system are versatile enough to be used in a wide array of situations
For these specific tests, a data logger with a higher sampling rate, along with a sensor with a more narrow range, would have been more effective

37. Acknowledgements Dr. Wei-Jen Lee Zhenyuan Zhang Zhaohao Ding
The University of Texas at Arlington
National Science Foundation