1. Flooring Options for High Traffic Areas Presented by: Jayson L. Helsel, P.E. KTA-Tator, Inc. 1

2. Flooring Options Overview Moisture assessment Surface preparation Coating options Slip resistance 2

3. Learning Objectives Completion of this webinar will enable the participant to:  Describe two typical moisture tests for concrete floors and what the common acceptance criteria are for each  List typical surface preparation methods used for concrete floors prior to coating application  Identify at least three common options for coating concrete floors subjected to foot traffic  Understand general slip resistance requirements and list the common minimum value necessary for coefficient of friction 3

4. Moisture Assessment Plastic sheet method: ASTM D4263 Calcium chloride test: ASTM F1869 In-Situ Relative Humidity: ASTM F2170 Moisture meters: F2659 & F710 4

5. Moisture Assessment Plastic sheet method (ASTM D4263)  Square sheet of clear plastic film taped to the slab surface  Remains for 16-24 hours  Look for moisture development 5

6. Moisture Assessment Calcium chloride test (ASTM F1869)  Determines vapor emission rate in pounds/1000 sq ft/24 hrs  Known mass of anhydrous calcium chloride placed under sealed dome  Remains 60-72 hours  Weight increase determines amount moisture  Typical limit = 3 lbs/1000 sq ft/24 hrs 6

7. Calcium Chloride Test Quantifies volume of water emitting from a 1000 square foot slab per 24 hours 1.Plan the test 2.Prepare the test site (CSP 1-2) 3.Weight cartridges; record weights 4.Open cartridges 5.Place cartridges, domes and seal domes 6.Start testing 7.End test; reweigh and calculate results 7

8. Calcium Chloride Test 8

9. 1.Record start and stop dates and times 2.Record pre- and post- test weights. Calculate weight gain 3.Multiply weight gain by constant (118.932), then divide by elapsed time of test 9

10. Moisture Assessment In-situ Relative humidity in slabs (ASTM F2170)  Holes drilled to 40% (one side) or 20% (two-sided) of slab thickness  Plastic inserts or probes inserted and sealed  Measure after 72 hours  75% is typical maximum (ASTM F710)  Coating manufacturer may specify maximum 10

11. Moisture Assessment Moisture meters  Intended for floors/slabs (and walls)  Operatesby measuring the electrical resistance or conductivity between the tips of two insulated pins at the surface or subsurface using concrete nails  Resistance converted to a relative moisture content  Testing destructive when holes must be drilled 11

12. Moisture Assessment Moisture meters  Some types non- destructive, use electrical impedance measurement  Contacts rest on concrete surface  May also report humidity  Mostly used prior to flooring application 12

13. Surface Preparation Perform thorough assessment Need sound surface pH measurement Specify appropriate patching materials –Cementitious products – epoxy, urethane –100% acrylic products 13

14. Surface Preparation Surface cleaning to remove grease, oil, contaminants, etc. –SSPC-SP 1 –ASTM D4258 –Air, water cleaning, scrubbing, sweeping or vacuuming may be acceptable 14

15. Surface Preparation Blast cleaning –Lower pressures –SSPC-SP 13 –ASTM D4259 Variations – Centrifugal wheel blast unit, e.g. Blastrac 15

16. Surface Preparation International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) –Technical Guideline No. 310.2-1997 (formerly No. 03732), “Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymers Overlays” Defines levels of preparation based on surface profile roughness Includes surface replica comparison panels 16

17. ICRI 310.2 “Concrete Surface Profile,” CSP 1 - CSP 10 –CSP 3 to 5 typically specified for floor coatings 17

18. ICRI 310.2 CSP 3 – Light shotblast 18

19. ICRI 310.2 CSP 5 – Medium shotblast 19

20. ICRI 310.2 CSP 6 – Medium scarification 20

21. Surface Preparation Hand/power tools –ASTM D4259 –Smaller areas –E.g. rotopeen 21

22. Surface Preparation Acid etching –ASTM D4260 –Surface must be free of: Sealers, coatings, grease, oil, etc. –Typical acids Hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, citric –Thorough removal of spent acid 22

23. Surface Preparation Inspection Uniform and clean surface Sound concrete Surface pH Moisture content 23

24. Coating Options Polished concrete Epoxy Methyl methacrylate acrylic (MMA) Polyurea/polyaspartic Polyurethane Moisture cured polyurethane Cementitious urethane 24

25. Polished Concrete Densifier to increase surface density and abrasion resistance –Penetrating alkyl silicate/siliconate product Micro film forming surface treatment (sealer) optional Polishing/honing of floor Color may be added Regular cleaning required 25

26. Polished Concrete Limited chemical resistance Typical applications –Big box stores –Grocery stores –Mall stores –Office lobbies 26

27. Polished Concrete 27

28. Epoxy Coatings Variety of epoxy chemistries –Polyamide, polyamine, novolac –Typically 100%/high solids Typical system –Epoxy primer –Epoxy base coat(s) Aggregate broadcast typical Decorative broadcast possible –Topcoat/sealer (optional) 28

29. Epoxy Coatings Product example –Surface preparation: Mechanical profile (blasting) equal to 30-50 grit sandpaper –Application by trowel/squeegee & back roll –Primer: Epoxy at 4-8 mils DFT –Basecoat: Epoxy at 60-75 mils –Broadcast coat: Epoxy at 60-75 mils –Topcoat: Epoxy at 8-12 mils 29

30. Epoxy Coatings Product example (self leveling) –Surface preparation: Mechanical profile (blasting) equal to 30-50 grit sandpaper –Application by trowel/squeegee & back roll –Primer: Epoxy at 4-8 mils DFT –Topping: Epoxy, pour/spread to 250 mils –Topcoat: Epoxy at 4-8 mils 30

31. Epoxy Coatings Product example (thinner film) –Surface preparation: Mechanical profile (blasting) equal to 50-80 grit sandpaper –Application by trowel/squeegee & back roll –Primer: Epoxy at 5-8 mils DFT –Topcoat: Epoxy at 8-16 mils DFT 31

32. Epoxy Coatings Typical applications: –Commercial kitchens –Restaurants –Grocery/food preparation –Restrooms –Office/apartment lobbies 32

33. Epoxy Coatings 33

34. MMA Coatings Methyl methacrylate acrylic chemistry Typical system (125 mils total DFT) –Moisture: 85% Max RH –Surface preparation: ICRI 310.2 CSP 5 –Roller application –MMA primer –MMA basecoat with quartz broadcast –MMA topcoat (2 coats) 34

35. MMA Coatings Typical applications –Commercial kitchens –Grocery stores –Laboratories –Animal holding –Manufacturing/processing 35

36. MMA Coatings 36

37. Polyurea/Polyaspartic Coatings 100% solids aliphatic polyurea/ polyaspartic Product example –Surface preparation: Mechanical abrasion –Application by trowel/squeegee –Primer: Epoxy at 2-3 mils DFT –Basecoat: Polyurea at 8-12 mils DFT Vinyl chip broadcast option –Topcoat: Polyurea clearcoat at 8-12 mils DFT 37

38. Polyurea/polyaspartic Coatings Typical applications: –Commercial kitchens –Restaurants –Grocery stores –Restrooms 38

39. Polyurethane Coatings High solids aliphatic polyurethane Product example –Surface preparation: Mechanical abrasion/acid etch –Application by roller –Primer: Epoxy at 2-3 mils DFT –Basecoat(s): Polyurethane at 2-4 mils DFT, multiple coats typical 39

40. Moisture Cured Polyurethane Coatings Single component aliphatic MCU Product example –Surface preparation: Mechanical abrasion/acid etch –Application by roller –Primer: MCU or Epoxy at 2-3 mils DFT –Basecoat(s): MCU at 2-4 mils DFT, multiple coats typical 40

41. Polyurethane/MCU Coatings Typical applications: –Showrooms –Cafeterias –Laboratories 41

42. Cementitious Urethane 100% solids aromatic cementitious urethane –May have broadcast aggregate High abrasion resistance High chemical resistance 42

43. Cementitious Urethane Product example –Moisture: 20 lb Max CaCl 2 or 99% Max RH –Surface preparation: ICRI 310.2 CSP 4-5 –Application: Trowel applied at 250 mils –Optional topcoat, with or without aggregate broadcast 43

44. Cementitious Urethane Typical applications –Commercial kitchens –Processing areas –Pharmaceutical –Wet areas –Exterior 44

45. Cementitious Urethane 45

46. Slip Resistance Utilize flooring material that has acceptable slip resistance under foreseeable conditions Applicable regulations for required Coefficient of Friction (COF) are not always clear 46

47. Slip Resistance Typical recommendations include: –0.5 COF by ADA and OSHA –0.6 COF recommended for accessible routes –0.8 COF recommended for ramps 47

48. Slip Resistance Many test methods and corresponding equipment for measuring slip Testing equipment –Drag sled machines –Articulated strut machines –British pendulum –Others 48

49. Slip Resistance Test methods (partial list) –ASTM F1677, Portable Inclineable Articulated Strut Slip Tester –ASTM F1679, Variable Incidence Tribometer –ASTM C1028M, Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces –NFSI B1010.1-2009, Test method for Measuring Wet SCOF of Common Hard Surface Floor Materials –ASTM F609, Horizontal Pull Slipmeter 49

50. Summary Moisture assessment Surface preparation & inspection Coating options Slip resistance 50