1. By Jugjot Chahal, Jackie De Leon, & Gabriel Uribe
The Digestive System
By Jugjot Chahal, Jackie De Leon, & Gabriel Uribe

2. Structure
The Digestive System is a complex and extremely detailed structure. It has many parts and is arranged in a compacted form inside the body.
It consists of 12 organs:
Salivary Glands
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Duodenum
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anal Canal

3. Functions (Beginning)
The main function of the digestive system is to break down food into smaller molecules that may be used for energy.
Mouth - breaks down food as teeth grind food into smaller pieces
Salivary Glands – produce saliva (a watery liquid with amylase that mixes with food and breaks into smaller molecules)
Pharynx- located at the back of the mouth and triggers food to go down esophagus, NOT trachea which leads to lungs
Esophagus – long tube that pushes food down in wavelike patterns to the stomach

4. Functions (Middle)
Stomach - sack that further breaks down food and breaks protein bonds with gastric juice
Liver – creates bile to help break down fats, extra sugars from bloodstream, and removes wastes
Gallbladder – stores bile form liver until needed for small intestine
Pancreas – produces enzymes needed to break down food in small intestine
Duodenum – beginning of small intestine that takes secretions form liver, gallbladder, and pancreas to break down food further into simpler glycerol, amino acids, and monosaccharides

5. Functions (End)
Small Intestine - absorption of nutrients take place through villi that allow nutrients to enter bloodstream
Large Intestine -minerals and water are absorbed from leftover wastes(contains lots bacteria)
Rectum – chamber that holds stool until brain gives message to release
Anal Canal – transmits stool from rectum to exiting the body

6. Gastritis
Gastritis -a condition in which the lining of the stomach becomes irritated or inflamed causing damage to the walls
of the stomach.
Causes:
stress
excessive use of alcohol or medications like asprin
bacteria, Helicobacter Pylori
anemia,
infections,
bile reflux (bile released from bile tract into stomach)

7. Treatments:
Moderate Form: avoiding hot or spicy food and taking medications to reduce stomach acid.
Infection: taking antibiotics that are prescribed by a doctor and overall maintain a healthy diet. Fish oil caps may also be used to prevent or help it.
Cures: Gastritis can be cured over time if the proper medication is taken and if a healthy, well balanced diet is applied.

8. 10 Facts Digestion begins in the mouth as saliva breaks down food
The salivary glands create saliva and amylase to break food.
The pharynx tells food to enter esophagus and not lungs.
Esophagus pushes food in wavelike rhythms down to stomach.
The stomach breaks protein bonds with gastric juice.
The liver produces bile stored in the gallbladder to break down fats in the duodenum.
The pancreas creates enzymes used in the duodenum to break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Nutrients pass through villi in the small intestine into the blood.
The large intestine absorbs water after nutrient absorption.
The rectum holds wastes before they are released through the anal canal.

9. Bibliography Websites Interview Books
"Digestive System." National Geographic. Web. 30 Apr <
"Gastritis." Home Remedies, Diet, Treatment, Symptoms, Relief. Web. 30 Apr <
Bailey, Regina. "Salivary Glands And Saliva." About.com Biology. About.com, Web. 26 Apr <
Interview
"Digestive System." Personal interview. 29 Apr
Books
Johnson, George B., and Peter H. Raven. "Digestion." Holt Biology. Orlando, Florid: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Print.