1. The American Colonies

3. May 13, 1607: Arrival of 104 Male Settlers
Jamestown, VA
May 13, 1607: Arrival of 104 Male Settlers

4. WHY?
For what reasons did individuals come to America?

5. Colonizing America
Wealth

6. Colonizing America
Religious dissent

7. Types of Colonies
Royal Colonies
King
Ruled by royal governor

8. Types of Colonies
Proprietary
Individuals or groups
King gifted land

9. Types of Colonies Charter Established by charters King
Colonies governed themselves

10. Regional Divisions

11. New England Colonies

12. Massachusetts (1620) Pilgrims (Plymouth) Separatists 1st Thanksgiving
wanted to separate from the Anglican Church
1st Thanksgiving
Mayflower Compact
41 men drew up the agreement to outline fair and equal laws for the colony; signed on the Mayflower
1620

13. Massachusetts (1630) Puritans John Winthrop
Purify and reform Anglican Church
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Strict religious beliefs; radical
John Winthrop
“for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us”
City Upon A Hill, 1630

14. New Hampshire (1630) John Mason English and Scots-Irish settlers
Economic freedom
Settled for religious freedom
Escape for those constricted by harsh religious and economic rules of the Puritans
Royal Colony

15. Rhode Island (1636) Connecticut (1636) Roger Williams
Exiled by Puritans in Mass. settled in Providence
Religious freedom
Trade
Connecticut (1636)
Thomas Hooker
Dutch (economic freedom) and English (religious freedom)
Asked to leave by Mass.
Agriculture and trade

16. Middle Colonies

17. New York (1626) New Jersey (1660) Delaware (1638) Peter Minuit
Dutch (Netherlands), taken over by English
Trade and profits
Anglican
Proprietary to royal colony
New Jersey (1660)
Lord Berkley
Established by Sweden became English
Agriculture, trade and profits
Delaware (1638)
Dutch, Swedish and English
Farming, trade and profits
Proprietary

18. Pennsylvania (1682) Quakers William Penn Proprietary
Home to many European Immigrants: Swedish, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish and German
Farming
Quakers
Equality and all possessed “Inner Light”
Pennsylvania

19. Southern Colonies

20. Virginia (1607)
Jamestown
1st permanent settlement mostly males (indentured servants and treasure hunters)
60/900 colonists survived
Ruled by John Smith
Founded by the Virginia Company
Joint-stock company: organized to raise money by selling stocks/shares to investors
Becomes royal
House of Burgesses (1619)-22 representatives called burgesses met to outline laws for the colony

21. Maryland (1634)
George Calvert
Religious freedom for Catholics
Established for trade, finding precious metals and to locate a water passage across the continent
Farming
Proprietary

22. Maryland Act of Toleration
1649
Granted freedom of worship for all Catholics
Symbolic beginning of freedom of religion

23. North Carolina (1653) South Carolina (1670) Georgia (1733)
Group of proprietors: business venture
Settlers from Virginia
Farming, trade and profit
Anglican
South Carolina (1670)
Group of proprietors
Settlers from France, English, Africans and Irish
Food crops
Proprietary to royal
Georgia (1733)
General James Oglethorpe
Spanish settlements taken by English
Debtors and convicts protect colonies from Spanish and French invasions
Slow economic growth farmed, harvested lumber and traded furs

24. The Charter of Carolina 1663

25. Ethnic and Religious Diversity

26. Discrimination in Massachusetts
Salem Witch Trials

27. Discrimination in Massachusetts
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
Banished from Massachusetts

28. Discrimination African Americans Native Americans Free Slaves
Pushed off land
by westward settlers

29. Religious Tolerance Roger Williams Providence, RI Pennsylvania
English Quakers
German Lutherans
Scotch-Irish Presbyterians
Swiss Mennonites
New York linguistic and cultural diversity
First synagogue

30. Colonial Economy

31. Economic Diversity:
-South= Agriculture
-North = Commerce
-Towns and cities
develop along water

32. Economy Mercantilism Economic policy Europe Way to get rich
Export more than you import
Effect= Britain creates rules for colonial trade

33. Commerce and Immigrants (New England)
Port cities
Boston
Immigrant population increases due to religious freedom and economic opportunities (German, Scotch-Irish, Dutch)
More towns in North than Southern colonies
Use town meetings to govern

34. New England Colonies Shipbuilding Fishing
Smaller farms self-sufficient

35. Middle Colonies’ Economy
Diverse in people and business
Less slaves
Shops, homes and farms

36. Middle Colonies’ Economy
Farming
Wheat, barley, rye
Commerce
Access to water
Shipping overseas
New York and
Philadelphia

37. Southern Economy John Rolfe and tobacco Plantations develop
Virginia, Maryland, NC
Plantations develop
Need for labor
Indentured servants
Agree to work for landowner
4-7 years
slavery

38. Southern Plantation Systems
Exported cash crops to make money
Creates:
(1) Large farms around rivers
(2) Need for lots of labor
(3) Wealthy class of plantation owners

40. Slave Trade First slaves were captured Native Americans
African slave trade flourished by 1700s
Slaves endured a harsh voyage: Middle Passage
Widespread use in Southern colonies

41. Colonial Society Ethnic Diversity -African Americans -Native Americans
Class Distinctions
Women
Wealth = power

43. Bacon’s Rebellion Virginia, 1676 Cause: Nathaniel Bacon Failed!
Small farmers treated unfairly; wealthy landowners paid
fewer taxes and received many benefits
Nathaniel Bacon
Failed!
Result:
Need for representation
in government for the
“common man”

44. Colonial Government Britain allows the colonies to govern themselves
Salutary neglect
Colonial legislatures hold the power

45. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
Ancient Greece ( BC)
Greeks practiced democracy
People vote directly
Romans created a republic (500 BC)
Representative democracy

46. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
Middle Ages ( AD)
Republics fade
Autocracies develop
Government ruled by a single sovereign
Renaissance (1450 AD)
“Rebirth”
Reconnection to ancient Greece and Rome
Classical republicanism

47. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
Post Middle Ages
Limited government
Government that must obey a set of laws
Usually a written document
Magna Carta or “Great Charter” (1215 AD)
Prevented king from imposing taxes
Needed approval of a council  British Parliament
English Bill of Rights (1689 AD)
Power to Parliament
King could not interfere with Parliamentary elections or impose taxes
Common Law
Originated in Middle Ages
Law based on tradition or past court decisions instead of written statutes

48. The English Government
Magna Carta (The Great Charter)
Guaranteed rights and liberties to the English people that could not be cancelled by later laws
Common Law-evolved from the Magna Carta; unwritten laws based on customs, usage and precedents

49. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
Enlightenment (1600s)
Thomas Hobbes ( )
All people are born with certain rights
Protect one’s own life  lead to chaos
Strong government is needed
Abuses by government = price of maintaining peace and order

50. The Second Treatise of Civil Government
1. What is Locke’s argument?
2. What evidence does he give to support it?
3. Do you agree or disagree with his point about preserving mankind? Why?

51. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
John Locke ( )
Two Treatises on Government (1690)
Natural rights: life, liberty, property
Can’t morally be taken away by government
Social contract theory
Implied contract between government and citizens
People submit themselves to follow the law for the common good and to cultivate civic virtue
Government fails= replace government

52. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
Montesquieu ( )
Separation of powers
Three branches of government
Checks and balances
Voltaire ( )
Free speech, freedom of expression and freedom of religion
Jean Jacque Rousseau ( )
equality

53. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
American Colonies
House of Burgesses (1619)
First elected body in New World
Citizens should have a voice
Created laws for the colony of Jamestown
Mayflower Compact (1620)
Document drafted by settlers
Created an elected legislature
Government received power from the people of the colony
Demonstrates desire to be ruled by local government instead of England

54. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
Town meetings
Representative government
Local citizens met to discuss and vote on issues
Belief in democratic ideals
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
Written body of laws for the colony
Government’s power came only from the “free consent of the people”
Set limits on what government could do

55. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
First Continental Congress (1774)
Gathering of colonial leaders
Respond to laws passed by Parliament
“not represented in Parliament” and violations of “natural rights”
Second Continental Congress (1775)
Meeting of colonial leaders
Response to the Kings failure to act throw off British rule