Construction Workforce Training Center

Construction Workforce Training Center
Apprenticeship Training - Continuing Education Exam Preparation - Operator Qualifications Electrical Safety Training Texas Ohio New Mexico

Construction Workforce Training Center
Construction Workforce Training Center 5308 Andrews highway Odessa, Texas Office: 432 – Cell: –

Disclaimer Construction Workforce Training Center and Dan Dudley will not be responsible for the interpretation or application of any electrical work in any form by any person, company, agency or organization. The views expressed in this class are personal views and shall not be considered as a “Formal Interpretation”. This training class is intended solely to focus attention and awareness on the potential electrical safety issues and various methods to address those hazards. The selection of any particular method is the responsibility of the entity or person selecting the method and any questions should be addressed to the appropriate agency or authority. The National Electrical Code®, NEC®, NFPA®, NESC® are Registered Trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. This course quotes OSHA regulations however OSHA is in no way associated with this class.

TDLR – Texas Department of Licensing & Regulation
Licensed Texas Master Electrician TX # 18163 Licensed Unlimited Journeyman Electrician Oklahoma # Over 20 years electrical construction experience Over 12 years teaching electrical courses Craft Training Director / Lead Electrical Instructor TDLR Licensed Continuing Education Provider Electrical Safety Instructor (NEC, NESC, NFPA70E, OSHA) Electrical Exam Preparation Instructor Author of NEER National Electrical Exam Review Software Author and Instructor of Continuing Education Course material for 18 states Author and Instructor of 18 hour Electrical Exam Preparation training class approved for 18 hours CE credit in 17 states Director / Lead Electrical Instructor for CWTC, Odessa, TX a US Dept of Labor and Veterans Admin registered 4 year Electrical Apprenticeship training program. TDLR – Texas Department of Licensing & Regulation

NCCER – National Center for Construction Education and Research
NCCER Certified: Master Trainer (Instructor Trainer) Assessment Administrator (DOT,OQ, and CRAFT) Commercial Electrician Industrial Electrician Instrument Technician Electrical instructor Pipeline Electrical & instrumentation instructor Project Management Instructor Project Supervision Instructor Owner Dan Dudley & Associates Electrical Exam Preparation Training and Software Electrical Safety Training and Performance Evaluations Electrical Continuing Education for License Renewal Texas, Kentucky, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Utah Ohio, Wyoming, Colorado, Oregon, Montana Washington, Minnesota, North Carolina, North Dakota Iowa, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska NCCER – National Center for Construction Education and Research

The Power of Electricity

- Mention the noise level with this video
This is a video in normal speed. (This video file is linked to this PowerPoint slide. If you keep this PowerPoint presentation and video file in the same folder they should run alright. If you are showing this on a video projector connected to your computer, you may need to transfer video from your laptop screen to video projector by using the appropriate “function keys” to toggle between laptop screen and the port to the video projector.) Move mouse over picture until the hand appears and then click on the picture. NOTE: Have Volume turned up on computer to display sound levels!

Cooper-Bussmann Test using a 3Phase/480Volt disconnect with 30A RK1 fuses and a short on the line side - Mention the noise level with this video This is a video in normal speed. (This video file is linked to this PowerPoint slide. If you keep this PowerPoint presentation and video file in the same folder they should run alright. If you are showing this on a video projector connected to your computer, you may need to transfer video from your laptop screen to video projector by using the appropriate “function keys” to toggle between laptop screen and the port to the video projector.) Move mouse over picture until the hand appears and then click on the picture. NOTE: Have Volume turned up on computer to display sound levels!

Very PAINFULLY curable
According to burn centers, if your age and the percentage of burns over your body is equal to or greater than 100 your odds of survival are less than 5% Very PAINFULLY curable NOT CURABLE

Electrical Hazards

Example of an arcing fault
Electrical Hazards Shock Electrocution Fire Arc flash Arc blast Static Electricity The following are recognized as common electrical hazards that can cause injury, and even death, while a person works on or near electrical equipment and systems: • Electrical shock • Electrical burns from contact (current) and flash (radiant) • Arc-blast impact from expanding air and vaporized materials Example of an arcing fault

Electrical Shock Received when current passes through the body
Severity of the shock depends on: Path of current through the body Amount of current flowing through the body Length of time the body is in the circuit LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN LOW HAZARD A small current that passes through the trunk of the body (heart and lungs) is capable of causing severe injury or electrocution. Low voltages can be extremely dangerous because, all other factors being equal, the degree of injury increases the longer the body is in contact with the circuit.

Hot Air-Rapid Expansion
Electric Arc Molten Metal 35,000 °F Pressure Waves Sound Waves Shrapnel Copper Vapor: Solid to Vapor Expands by 67,000 times Following is a graphical model of an arcing fault and the physical consequences that can occur. The unique aspect of an arcing fault is that the fault current flows through the air between conductors or a conductor(s) and a grounded part. The arc has an associated arc voltage because there is arc impedance. The product of the fault current and arc voltage in a concentrated area, results in tremendous energy being released in several forms. The resulting energies can be in the form of radiant heat, intense light, and tremendous pressures. Intense radiant heat from the arcing source travels at the speed of light. The temperature of the arc terminals can reach approximately 35,000°F, or about four times as hot as the surface of the sun. No material on earth can withstand this temperature. The high arc temperature changes the state of conductors from solid to hot molten metal and to vapor. The immediate vaporization of the conductors is an explosive change in state from solid to vapor. Copper vapor expands to 67,000 times the volume of solid copper. Because of the expansive vaporization of conductive metal, a line-to-line or line-to-ground arcing fault can escalate into a three-phase arcing fault in less than a thousandth of a second. The extremely high release of thermal energy superheats the immediate surrounding air. The air also expands in an explosive manner. The rapid vaporization of conductors and superheating of air result in high pressure waves and a conductive plasma cloud, that if large enough, can engulf a person. The thermal shock and pressures can violently destroy circuit components. The pressure waves hurl the destroyed, fragmented components like shrapnel at high velocity; shrapnel fragments can be expelled in excess of 700 miles-per-hour. Molten metal droplets at high temperatures typically are blown out from the event due to the pressure waves. Hot Air-Rapid Expansion Intense Light

Limited Approach Boundary
Nearest an UNQUALIFIED Person can approach Restricted Approach Boundary Must be a QUALIFIED PERSON that understands the hazards Prohibited Approach Boundary Same as contacting ENERGIZED conductors

Based upon Arc Flash Potential
Flash Protection Boundary Based upon the distance at which a 1.2cal (2nd degree) burn could be received Defined as “An approach limit at a distance from exposed live parts within which a person could receive a 2nd degree burn if an electrical arc flash were to occur”. This is NOT THE SAFE BOUNDARY

Limits of Approach – Limited Approach Boundary
Prohibited Restricted Limited The closest distance an “unqualified” person can approach, unless escorted by a “qualified” person. Energized panel (<750V) 3 feet 6 inches for 480V

Limits of Approach – Restricted Approach Boundary
Prohibited Restricted The closest distance to exposed live parts a “qualified” person can approach w/out proper PPE and tools. To cross this boundary, the qualified person must wear PPE and have proper tools. Energized part 12 inches for 480 volts

Limits of Approach - Shock
Prohibited Crossed ONLY by a “qualified” person, which when crossed by body part or object, requires the same protection as if direct contact was made with the live part. Energized part 1 inch for 480 volts

Limits of Approach – Flash Protection Boundary
The distance from exposed live parts within which a person could receive a second degree burn if an arc flash were to occur. Arc flash PPE is required within this boundary. Note: Distance may be less than or greater than the shock protection boundaries. Flash Protection Boundary Prohibited Restricted Limited Energized part Calculated distance

240 Volts and Less - Mention the noise level with this video

277 – 600 volts Other Equipment
- Mention the noise level with this video This is a video in normal speed. (This video file is linked to this PowerPoint slide. If you keep this PowerPoint presentation and video file in the same folder they should run alright. If you are showing this on a video projector connected to your computer, you may need to transfer video from your laptop screen to video projector by using the appropriate “function keys” to toggle between laptop screen and the port to the video projector.) Move mouse over picture until the hand appears and then click on the picture. NOTE: Have Volume turned up on computer to display sound levels!

The table from page 36 of the Safety BASICs Handbook shows some typical articles of clothing and PPE required for each Hazard Risk Category. This is to illustrate the type of equipment that may be required to work on energized circuits. It is not intended to be used to select PPE. NFPA 70E should be consulted for specific information on selecting appropriate PPE. Layering of FR clothing and protective equipment may provide a higher level of arc-flash protection. NFPA 70E has more information on layering of protective clothing and substitutions permitted by layering. Although not required or mentioned in any standards, one might consider wearing a more protective arc rated face shield rather than just safety glasses even for all 0 and 1 hazard risk category tasks. Facial disfigurations are among those injuries that are extremely difficult to overcome from a social perspective.

Electrical PPE for Arc Flash and Arc Blast
Hazard Risk Category 0 Hazard Risk Category 1 Hazard Risk Category 2 Hazard Risk Category 3 & 4

Flash hazard analysis and NEC 110.16 arc-flash label
NEC® Flash Protection Electrical equipment, such as switchboards, panelboards, industrial control panels, meter socket enclosures, and motor control centers, that are in other than dwelling occupancies, and are likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized shall be field marked to warn qualified persons of potential electric arc flash hazards. The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible to qualified persons before examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the equipment. FPN No. 1: NFPA 70E-2004, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, provides assistance in determining severity of potential exposure, planning safe work practices, and selecting personal protective equipment. FPN No. 2: ANSI Z , Product Safety Signs and Labels, provides guidelines for the design of safety signs and labels for application to products. This requirement, which was new in the NEC® 2002, is intended to reduce the occurrence of serious injury or death due to arcing faults to workers who work on or near energized electrical equipment. The warning label should remind a qualified worker who intends to open the equipment for analysis or work that a serious hazard exists and that the worker should follow appropriate work practices and wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for the specific hazard (a nonqualified worker must not open or be near open energized equipment).

Minimum required marking for 110.16 compliance
NEC ARC-FLASH label Minimum required marking for compliance WARNING ! Arc Flash and Shock Hazards Appropriate PPE Required Failure to Comply Can Result in Death or Injury Refer to NFPA 70E NEC® only requires that this label state the existence of an arc-flash hazard.

NEC 110.16 ARC-FLASH label with more information
34 inch Flash Hazard Boundary 2 3 cal/cm Flash Hazard at 18 inches 1 Hazard Risk Category 4 cal/cm2 shirt & pants hard hat, safety glasses, FR rated faceshield 480 VAC Shock Hazard 42 inch Limited Approach 12 inch Restricted Approach 1 inch Prohibited Approach Equipment Name: XYZ Motor Starter WARNING ! Arc Flash and Shock Hazards Appropriate PPE Required Failure to Comply Can Result in Death or Injury 500V Class 00 gloves, leather protectors For practical application needs to be feet It is suggested that the party responsible for the label include more information on the specific parameters of the hazard. In this way the qualified worker and his/her management can more readily assess and better insure proper work practices, PPE and tools. The example label includes more of the vital information that fosters safer work practices. The specific additional information that should be added to the label includes: • Flash Protection Boundary • Incident energy at 18 inches expressed in cal/cm2 • PPE required • Voltage shock hazard • Limited shock approach boundary • Restricted shock approach boundary • Prohibited shock approach boundary Put yourself in the place of an electrician who is given the assignment to troubleshoot a circuit that is energized or to check for the absence of voltage while putting equipment in an electrically safe work condition. How does he/she know the level of arc-flash hazard for that specific equipment? The more informative label provides sufficient information for a qualified electrician to use the proper level of PPE and appropriate work practices for the level of hazard.Note: If the label includes the specific hazard level data, the label must be updated when there are any electrical system changes that result in different hazard levels.

Electrical Safety Requirements
OSHA Electrical Safety Requirements - Mention the noise level with this video This is a video in normal speed. (This video file is linked to this PowerPoint slide. If you keep this PowerPoint presentation and video file in the same folder they should run alright. If you are showing this on a video projector connected to your computer, you may need to transfer video from your laptop screen to video projector by using the appropriate “function keys” to toggle between laptop screen and the port to the video projector.) Move mouse over picture until the hand appears and then click on the picture. NOTE: Have Volume turned up on computer to display sound levels!

NFPA 70E Qualified Person
A qualified person shall be trained and knowledgeable of construction and operation of equipment or work method and trained to recognize and avoid hazard (110.6(D)(1)) Familiar with precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment including arc flash, insulating and shielding materials, insulated tools and test equipment Distinguish exposed energized parts from other parts Determine nominal voltage of live parts Understand safe approach distances in Table 130.2C Determine personal protective equipment for task Section 110.6(D)(1) requires that a qualified person must be knowledgeable and familiar with certain aspects of executing electrical work. Note that the terms knowledgeable and familiar are synonyms for each other. To establish that an employee is knowledgeable or familiar with details of executing electrical work, employee understanding must be established in some way. Employers should establish and maintain documents that provide evidence of the qualifications of each employee. The documentation also should define the limits of each employee’s qualification. A qualified person might understand the shock hazard and have only a passing knowledge of other electrical hazards. In that case, that person must not perform work tasks that expose him or her to the other hazards. For instance, an instrument technician who is exposed to a maximum circuit voltage of 120 volts and maximum circuit size of 30 amperes may not require arc flash training. However, if the same person performs work where an arc flash hazard exists, he or she must understand that exposure and be qualified for that task. A qualified person must be able to recognize all electrical hazards within the realm of his or her work assignment. He or she must be trained to understand and implement the procedural requirements of the employer. He or she also must be able to select and use adequate protective equipment.

Regulations OSHA GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE 29 USC 654 Section 5 (a) (1)
(a) Each employer (1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees; (2) shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act. (b) Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.

This snake was found dead on the electric fence in a oil compound in Nigeria

STAY SAFE !!

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