1. Sep., 2013 영어 청취와 작문 English Listening and Composition Prof. Shao Guangqing Shaoguangqing@gmail.com

2. Still remember how to draft an outline of a process paragraph? Warm-up and Review

3. Title: _____________________ Topic sentence topic: __________________________________. Supporting sentences Background information _____________________. Step 1:_______________________________ ________________________________________. Step 2:_______________________________ ________________________________________. Step 3:_______________________________ ________________________________________. Concluding sentence ________________________________________.

4. Contents Unit Four Process Paragraphs  Part 3 Reading: The Secret to a Successful Vacation Using Time-Order words in process paragraphs  Part 4 Using imperatives Modals of advice, necessity and prohibition From outline to paragraph

5. Reading: The Secret to a Successful Vacation Questions:  1. Why is it important to review travel plans?  2. What is the author’s strategy for packing only a few pieces of clothing?  3. What items does the author suggest putting in the suitcase first?  4. What is the last step in packing a suitcase?

6. Questions 1. Why is it important to review travel plans?  You do not want to forget an important item when packing for your trip.

7. Questions 2. What is the author’s strategy for packing only a few pieces of clothing?  The author suggests packing colors that match.

8. Questions 3. What items does the author suggest putting in the suitcase first?  The author suggests packing large items first in order to make sure they fit.

9. Questions 4. What is the last step in packing a suitcase?  You should check your list to make sure you have not forgotten anything, like your swimsuit.

10. Reading: The Secret to a Successful Vacation Topic sentence…disasters and inconveniences can be avoided if you follow certain steps when packing your suitcase. Background informationImagine that you are on Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to discover that you have forgotten your swimsuit! Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to discover that you have forgotten your swimsuit! Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to discover that you have forgotten your swimsuit! Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to discover that you have forgotten your swimsuit! Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to

11. Reading: The Secret to a Successful Vacation

12. …a well-packed suitcase is the secret to a good travel… Supporting sentences Firstreview your travel plans and activities; make a list Nextgather the items you need; remove unnecessary… Thirdpack: large items first, then smaller items Finallycheck your list before you close your suitcase Concluding sentence

13. Using Time-Order words in process paragraphs First, make a list. Second, select your clothes. Next, place your shoes in the corners. Then arrange your clothes in neat layers. Later, add last minute items such as medications After that, roll the clothes to avoid wrinkles. Finally, check your list for any forgotten items before/after Then is not followed by a comma!

14. Using imperatives The first step is to review your travel plans and activities. Make a list and save it so that you can check your items before you leave. Next, gather the items you will need for your activities. Remove any item that is not necessary. Try to mix and match fewer pieces of clothing and shoes by choosing a color or colors that match. Third, you are ready to pack. Start with large items such as books or shoes. Stuff your shoes with extra socks to save space. What type of sentence structure is most frequently used in the following paragraph?

15. Using imperatives Use imperative sentences to give instructions, directions, or to tell steps in a process.  The verb in an imperative addresses the reader or listener directly.  The imperative uses the base form of the verb.  An imperative sentence does not require a subject, but the subject you is always implied. Remove any item that is not necessary. Start with large items such as books or shoes.

16. Using modals: must, should, can … As mentioned earlier, a process paragraph is a type of paragraph that consists of connected steps. Therefore, the steps in the process must be logical and are usually explained chronologically. That is, you should write the steps in the order they are performed which makes the sequence of actions and events clear. Transition expressions and time words can be used in order to make the sentences flow together. Thus, the readers will be able to read your paragraph more smoothly. What types of modal verb are used in the following paragraph?

17. Modals of advice, necessity and prohibition Advice  You should write the steps in the order they are performed which makes the sequence of actions and events clear. Necessity  The steps in the process must be logical and are usually explained chronologically.  You don’t have to pay a fee to enter the museum. Prohibition  You must not/ should not drink alcohol.

19. Writing the steps in a process Topic: How to buy a used car Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Decide the model you want to buy according to your budget. Find the vehicle at the dealer. Test-drive the vehicle. Negotiate your best price.

20. From outline to paragraph Buying used cars rather than new ones can save you hundreds if not thousands of dollars on your next vehicle. There is no foolproof method for ensuring the used car you're buying doesn't have some serious defect; however, you can significantly reduce your risk by following these steps.

21. Step 1 The first step is to decide the model you want to buy according to your budget. What can you afford? Be painfully honest with yourself. How much of your monthly budget can be devoted to vehicle payments, insurance, maintenance and repairs?

22. Step 2 Second, find the vehicle at the dealer. If you have a model or two already in mind, start with them, but avoid being married to a specific model. Remain flexible and you stand a better chance of finding the best value in your price range.

23. Step 3 Third, test-drive the vehicle. Take advantage of the test-driving to make sure that the car you select has no big problems related to the engine, brakes, transmission, etc. If necessary, make an appointment with a mechanic and then with the seller for a second test-drive. Take the vehicle for an evaluation. Be sure to tell the mechanic about any problems you noticed during your test drive.

24. Step 4 The final step is to negotiate your best price. Never accept the asking price. But unless you are willing to just walk away, don't make a ridiculous counter offer. The seller won't take you seriously and negotiations may come to a screeching stop. Consider countering with an offer 10 percent to 15 percent less.

25. Conclusion It is worthwhile to take your time and act according to these 4 steps when buying a used car, because you can avoid the prospect of spending a huge amount of money on a defective car.