1. The 1905 Revolution

2. The 1905 revolution War with Japan Results Background
Tsar becomes more unpopular
Russia is humiliated
Government seen to be weak and incompetent
Conditions for the people get worse
price rises food shortages and unemployment
In 1904/05 Russia and Japan fought for control of Korea and Manchuria
The Tsar expected a quick victory
Russia suffered defeats on Land and sea. Japan destroyed the Russian Navy
War with
Japan

3. The 1905 Revolution Bloody Sunday Events Results
Jan ,000 unarmed workers march to the Winter Palace
Demands - Better living and working conditions - end to war - a parliament
Soldiers fire on crowd killing 500
Tsar undermined in the eyes of the people
Support grows for revolutionaries
set off a wave of riots, strikes and murders

4. Results of 1905 Revolution The October Manifesto -
promise of freedom of speech, right to form political parties
Establish a Duma
No new laws without consent of the Duma
Broken Promises
Voting system was unfair- rich had more influence than the poor
Duma had little influence over the Tsar and new laws
First two Dumas were dismissed for demanding reforms
Further changes introduced to excluded socialist

5. Why did the Revolution fail?
Japan released prisoners to aid the Tsar
Most of the armed forces stayed loyal to the Tsar
October Manifesto divided the opposition
The workers strikes and the peasants uprisings were not co-ordinated
No clear leader for the opposition

6. Russia 1906 - 1914 The Rule of Stolypin Aim of stability
1. Repress the revolutionaries
2. Introduce reforms to improve living conditions
Stolypin assassinated

7. Results of Stolypin’s actions
1. Great reduction in activities of the revolutionaries
2. Richer peasants (Kulaks) now run farms for profit
3. Kulaks now loyal to Tsar
4. Cities have more food
5. Conditions for some workers improve though many remain discontented. 1912/14 many strikes
6. Revolutionaries like Lenin learn to adopt new more tactics

8. The February Revolution
1917
The fall of the Tsar

9. The impact of WWI Military Defeats
Russian army was big but poorly equipped
Lost two major battles in 1914
Caused loss of civilian and military morale
Tsar now held responsible for the defeats as he had taken charge of the army

10. Criticism of the Tsar
Poor military commander
Poor political leader
Left the Tsarina in charge of the government
Refused to accept advice from the Duma
Criticism if the Tsarina
Inexperienced and incompetent ruler
Under the influence of Rasputin
Unpopular because she was German
Impact of WWI
Role of Rasputin
Claimed to be a healer. Disliked by many yet held influence over both the Tsar and Tsarina

11. Economic problems Over 15 million men joined the army
Impact WWI
Impact WWI
Economic problems
Over 15 million men joined the army
not enough workers in factories and farms
caused shortages of food and materials
Railway system very poor
could not supply the troops
could not supply the towns
food prices rose

12. Impact WWI
Impact WWI
Social discontent
Food shortages and price rises caused widespread discontent
The war had seen the population move from the countryside to the cities
The cities soon became overcrowded and people lived in terrible conditions

13. Events of the Revolution
Feb 22 20,000 steelworkers on strike
Feb 23 Women take to the streets to demonstrate
Feb 25 Now over half of Petrograd is on strike
Feb 26 Tsar orders troops to fire on crowds- 40 killed

14. Events of the Revolution
Feb 26 Tsar closes the Duma
Feb 27 Soldiers mutiny and establish the Petrograd Soviet with workers and sailors
Feb 28 Tsar returns to Petrograd
March 1 Tsar loses support of army
March 2 Tsar abdicates
March 3 Grand Duke Michael refuses throne

15. Results of February revolution
The Provisional Government
1. A 12 member government led by Kerensky
2. Planned to rule until elections could be held
Dual Government
The Petrograd Soviet
A council of 2,500 deputies.
Determined to share power with the Provisional Government

16. The October Revolution
The Bolsheviks seize power

17. Problems facing the Provisional Government
Land - Peasants demand land
Hunger - The workers in the cities were demanding food
The war - fight on or make peace
Revolutionaries - how to stop the spread of their influence
The Army - needed loyalty of the army

18. Response of the Government
The Government promised land reforms but gave no date
The Government could not guarantee food supplies as the Soviets controlled railways
The government promised political reform in an attempt to stop revolutionaries. They failed to take any positive action.
The troops in Petrograd were now under the control of the Soviet and refused to obey the government

19. Results Peasants angry with the Government started to seize land
Workers joined the Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks and other groups gathered support
The Government was losing control to the Petrograd Soviet

20. All power to the
Soviets
Peace
Land
Bread
Lenin returns
Lenin return from Switzerland with German assistance and issues his April theses
This called for
Overthrow of Government
End to war
Soviets to form new government
Land given to peasants
State to control factories and banks

21. Why were the Bolsheviks successful?
Role of Lenin
Organised party
Published Pravda
Avoided capture and organised the coup.
Popular slogans to raise moral and public awareness
Role of Trotsky
Joined Bolsheviks after July Days
Masterminded the events of the coup
Great military leader organised the Red Guard
Provisional Government
Kerensky knew of Trotsky's plan but had lost support of the army and so was helpless
3 July and 7 July ( Julian calendar ) (16 July - 20 July, Gregorian calendar ), when soldiers and industrial workers engaged in spontaneous demonstrations against the Russian Provisional Government. The Bolsheviks tried to provide leadership to the demonstrations.

22. The Bolsheviks take power
The Bolsheviks took control of the government in an almost bloodless coup between Oct 24 and
Land
Land taken from Church, Nobility etc and given to peasants. Land not taken over by the State (yet)
Peace
Lenin ends the war sends Trotsky to negotiate with Germany. Treaty of Brest-Litvosk
The first decrees
Factories
All factories put under control of workers committees
Press
All non -Bolshevik papers were banned
Establishes the CHEKA- the Soviet Secret Police

23. Brest-Litovsk Treaty
On the 3rd December 1917 a conference between a Russian delegation, headed by Leon Trotsky and German and Austrian representatives began at Brest-Litovsk. Trotsky had the difficult task of trying to end Russian participation in the First World War without having to grant territory to the Central Powers. By employing delaying tactics Trotsky hoped that socialist revolutions would spread from Russia to Germany and Austria-Hungary before he had to sign the treaty. After nine weeks of discussions without agreement, the German Army was ordered to resume its advance into Russia. On 3rd March 1918, with German troops moving towards Petrograd, Vladimir Lenin ordered Trotsky to accept the German terms. The Brest-Litovsk Treaty resulted in the Russians surrendering the Ukraine, Finland, the Baltic provinces, the Caucasus and Poland. Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, and Poland to become independent sovereign states

26. Under the treaty, Russia lost Riga, Lithuania, Livonia, Estonia and some of White Russia. These areas had great economic importance as they were some of the most fertile farming areas in Western Russia. Germany was allowed by the terms of the treaty to exploit these lands to support her military effort in the west.
the treaty took away territory that included a quarter of the Russian Empire's population, a quarter of its industry [4] and nine-tenths of its coal mines