1. WWI

2. WWI TIMELINE 1914 1915 1916 1917 1917 1918 Battle of Ypres Battle
Battle
of Ypres
Battle
of Somme
Vimy Ridge
Battle of
Passchendaele

3. UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WWIM A I N S
MILITARISM
ALLIANCES
IMPERIALSIM
NATIONALISM
SIGNIFICANT PERSONALITIES
Immediate Cause
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand at Sarajevo by Terrorist group, “the Black Hand”

4. MILITARISM
“the policy of building up military forces and weaponry and of threatening armed aggression.”
Each country wanted a better army than the others.

5. ALLIANCES
Agreements/Treaties between nations

6. IMPERIALISM
“A nation’s extension of its authority over other lands by political, economic, or military means.”
Purpose: to gain land and resources

7. NATIONALISM
“Devotion to the interest of a nation, sometimes leading to putting the interests of the nation above everything else.”
Pride in one’s country
Loyalty

8. ASSASSINATION
June 28, 1914
Francis Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria was assassinated by a member of the Serbian terrorist group called the Black Hand
This triggered the start of WWI

9. WHO DECLARED WAR ON WHOM?
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914 (Russia supports Serbia)
Germany declared war on Russia
(Germany & Austria-Hungary had an alliance)
France declared war on Germany
Germany then declared war on France and Belgium
Britain declared war on Germany – Canada followed them
Etc, etc, etc

10. The Alliances The Triple Entente The Triple Alliance (The Allies)
(The Central Powers)
BRITAIN
GERMANY
FRANCE
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
RUSSIA
ITALY

11. THE TRENCHES

12. http://upload. wikimedia

15. LIFE IN THE TRENCHES
Usually filled with water creating thick mud and slimy water up to their knees.
Most soldiers were infected with lice
Many also got trench foot (their feet swelled up, became numb, and in many situations were amputated

16. THE BATTLE OF YPRES YPRES, BELGIUM 1915
First chlorine gas attack -- used by the Germans
Germans fired lethal chlorine gas towards the Western Front (French and the Canadians)
The Germans had the wind on their side, blowing towards the Canadians
Soldiers suffocated to death many survived by holding a wet, often urine-soaked, rag over their nose and mouths.
Over 6000 Canadian soldiers died – but they managed to hold their ground.

17. THE BATTLE OF THE SOMME France, 1916
Western Front (French and British) vs. Germans
Allied forces wanted to break through German line
Modern technology and artillery such as machine guns created a deadly battle – British used tanks for first time
On the first day alone, the British lost troops
Newfoundland Regiment suffers 90% casualties
A total of over 1 million men had been killed
By the end of the Battle, the allied forces gained 12 km of land

18. The Somme Memorial

19. Beaumont Hamel

20. VIMY RIDGE France, 1917

21. Vimy Ridge was a hump of land that gave the Germans a commanding view of the Allied lines
The Canadians prepared by creating a replica of the Vimy Ridge, so the soldiers can practice their strategy.
Canadians fired hundreds of shells at once creating a wall of mud. Every 3 minutes, new shellfire was launched 90 meters forward.
It was important for the soldiers on foot to stay at a steady pace behind the creeping barrage of shells. This method blocked the Germans view of the Canadians approaching. (

23. Vimy Ridge Monument
Vimy Ridge Monument

24. THE BATTLE OF PASSCHENDALE Belgium, 1917
The Allies vs. the Germans
The battlefield was all muddy and swampy

25. Their mission was to break through the German line, to get to their submarines on the Belgium coast
After several attacks, the Canadian troops eventually reached the town of Passchendaele.
Over Canadian soldiers died.

26. Conscription (The Military Service Act)
This meant that all men between the ages of would be required to register for military service join the army.
This was made law because there were not enough volunteers enlisting
There was a severe shortage of troops

27. CONSCRIPTION Month (1917) Enlistments Casualties January 9 194 4 396
May
6 407
13 457
November
4 019
30 741

28. CANADA’S HUNDRED DAYS August 8 – November 11, 1918
These were the final days before the end of WWI
The Allied troops attempted to recapture the territory that had been taken from them by the Germans
Germans were exhausted and asked for an agreement to stop hostilities.
This ended WWI

29. Support for the War
People on the home front produced as much food as possible for the troops.
They reduced the amount of food that they ate at home and tried to waste little.
Women and children worked long hours in the fields harvesting and producing food
Raised funds
The war was costing over $
Victory Bonds were a way to help contribute to this cost.

30. The Paris Peace Conference
AFTER WWI
The Paris Peace Conference
-Allied leaders gathered to set the terms of peace
-Canada was given 2 seats at the conference
-League of Nations was created to guarantee peace and to punish aggressive nations
-A new Europe emerged after WWI

33. TREATY OF VERSAILLES
Required Germany to pay war reparations to France, Britain and Russia as compensation for damages
Germany was forced to surrender rich coal mines
They were denied a naval and air force and their military was reduced. This was to prevent them from becoming a military power.
Germany was forbidden from joining an alliance
Also to acknowledge the independence of Austria and Czechoslovakia.

34. Home Sweet Home??
Spanish Flu : world wide pandemic killed up to 100 million people.
Battle Wounds: soldiers arrived home with injured or missing limbs, illnesses, psychological problems e.g. shell shock
After the war, cost of living dramatically increased. Making it worse, it was difficult to find a job.

35. THE WINNIPEG GENERAL STRIKE
May 1919
working people went on strike
Strikers demanded:
Better pay
Better working conditions
Higher cost of living (increase in cost for food
and clothes) meant that higher pay was needed
to survive.