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EOC Vocab List #63-125
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63 This type of cell division produces 4 genetically different haploid gametes.
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63 Meiosis
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64 This type of cell division produces 2 genetically identical diploid body cells.
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64 Mitosis
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65 This means that the cell has one complete set of chromosomes with 2 alleles for every gene.
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65 Diploid
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66 This means that the cell has half the original number of chromosomes with 1 allele for every gene.
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66 Haploid
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67 These are chromosomes that contain the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles.
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67 Homologous (Chromosomes)
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68 This the process that begins in Prophase I of Meiosis that increases genetic diversity.
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68 Crossing Over
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69 This is the first stage of Mitosis in which the spindle forms, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane dissolves.
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69 Prophase
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70 This is the phase of Mitosis where chromosomes are lined up along the equator of the cell.
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70 Metaphase
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71 This is the phase of Mitosis where the sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
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71 Anaphase
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72 This is the final stage of Mitosis in which the spindle dissolves, chromosomes unwind into chromatin, and the nuclear membrane reforms.
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72 Telophase
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73 This can produce genetic disorders such as Down’s Syndrome if chromosomes do not separate correctly during Meioisis.
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73 Nondisjunction
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74 This organ system is responsible for producing hormones and includes the thyroid and adrenal glands.
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74 Endocrine
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75 This organ system is responsible for filtering the blood and includes the kidneys.
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75 Urinary/Excretory
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76 This organ system is responsible for transporting blood from the heart to all of the other tissues of the body.
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76 Cardiovascular
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77 This organ system is responsible for gas exchange and includes the lungs.
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77 Respiratory
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78 This organ system is responsible for communication of stimuli and coordinating responses within the body.
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78 Nervous
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79 This is the part of the experiment that is purposefully changed and causes the change in the measured variable.
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79 Independent Variable
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80 This is the part of the experiment that is the measured effect of changing the manipulated variable.
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80 Dependent Variable
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81 This is the part of an experiment that is used for comparison because the independent variable is not changed.
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81 Control Group
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82 This is the part of an experiment in which the independent variable is changed.
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82 Experimental Group
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83 This is a different form of a gene.
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83 Allele
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84 This is the segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
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84 Gene
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85 This is a compound that contains carbon.
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85 Organic
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86 This is a compound that does not contain carbon.
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86 Inorganic
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87 This is a macromolecule that is used for energy and includes monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
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87 Carbohydrates
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88 This is a macromolecule that is used for providing a waterproof barrier and storing long-term energy which includes fatty acids and triglycerides.
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88 Lipids
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89 This is a macromolecule that is used for controlling the rate of reactions, transport of substances, fighting infection, and building tissues.
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89 Protein
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90 This is a macromolecule that is used for storing and transmitting genetic information.
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90 Nucleic Acid
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91 This is the monomer that makes up a protein.
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91 Amino Acid
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92 This is a monomer that makes up a nucleotide and consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
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92 Nucleotide
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93 This is a double ringed nucleotide that includes Guanine and Adenine.
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93 Purine
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94 This is a single ringed nucleotide that includes Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil.
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94 Pyrimidine
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95 This is the nucleic acid that is the genetic code of a cell and is transmitted to the next generation.
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95 DNA
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96 This is the nucleic acid that is responsible for making a copy of the genetic code within the nucleus and carrying the instructions into the cytoplasm.
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96 Messenger RNA
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97 This is the nucleic acid that is responsible for decoding the RNA copy of the gene and transferring the amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence.
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97 Transfer RNA
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98 This is the nucleic acid that is responsible for bonding the amino acids together to form a polypeptide.
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98 Ribosomal RNA
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99 This is the enzyme that is responsible for adding complementary base pairs to the new strands of DNA during DNA replication.
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99 DNA Polymerase
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100 This is the enzyme that is responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the two complementary strands of DNA together during DNA replication.
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100 Helicase
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101 This is the process of copying the DNA sequence into the complementary sequence of RNA within the nucleus.
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101 Transcription
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102 This is the process of bonding the correct sequence of amino acids together in order to build a protein.
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102 Translation
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103 This is the physical expression of a specific inheritable trait.
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103 Phenotype
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104 This is the genetic makeup of an organism that determines the expression of a specific trait.
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104 Genotype
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105 This is a form of a gene that only requires one allele in order to be expressed in the phenotype.
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105 Dominant
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106 This is a form of a gene that requires two alleles in order to be expressed in the phenotype.
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106 Recessive
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107 This is an inheritance pattern in which two alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype.
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107 Codominance
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108 This is an inheritance pattern in which two alleles are expressed in order to produce an intermediate phenotype.
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108 Incomplete Dominance
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109 This is an inheritance pattern in which males and females have an equal chance of inheriting the trait. Both males and females must inherit two alleles in order to express the trait.
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109 Autosomal Recessive
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110 This is an inheritance pattern in which males have a higher chance of inheriting the trait than females. Females must inherit two alleles but males only have to inherit one allele in order to express the trait.
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110 Sex-Linked Recessive
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111 This means that an individual has two identical alleles for a particular trait.
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111 Homozygous
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112 This means that an individual has two different alleles for a particular trait.
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112 Heterozygous
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113 This is the ability for an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.
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113 Homeostasis
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114 This type of molecule makes up the two distinct layers of biological membranes.
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114 Phospholipid
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115 This type of molecule is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
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115 Enzyme
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116 This is type of molecule is the major source of energy for the cell.
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116 ATP
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117 This type of chemical bond is the strongest and forms because electrons are shared.
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117 Covalent (Bond)
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118 This type of chemical bond is the weakest and is and forms because of electric charges between molecules.
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118 Hydrogen (Bond)
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119 This type of molecule is partially charged due to the unequal sharing of electrons.
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119 Polar
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120 This is formed when atoms gain or lose electrons and therefore become electrically charged.
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120 Ion
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121 This is formed when atoms gain or lose neutrons and therefore have a different atomic mass.
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121 Isotope
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122 This is the property of water that allows water to rise.
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122 Capillary Action
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123 This is the property of water that causes water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules.
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123 Cohesion
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124 This is a solution that has a higher concentration of H + ions and a lower concentration of OH - ions.
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124 Acid
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125 This is a solution that has a lower concentration of H + ions and a higher concentration of OH - ions.
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125 Base
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