1. Exotic Germplasm – A Commercial Perspective GEM Cooperator Meeting Jerry Rice Dec. 7, 2005

2. Exotic Germplasm = Unadapted Germplasm Exotic Germplasm = Unadapted Germplasm [i.e. South American Germplasm  into North America]

3. Exotic Germplasm / Other Crops: Cotton:G. harknesii cms & Restorer Genes (hybrid cotton) Grain Sorghum:World Collection (PI) Greenbug Biotype Resistance

4. Importance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding Disease Tolerance Insect Tolerance Increased Genetic Diversity Increased Yield Enhanced Stability across Environments Specialty Traits

5. Exotic Germplasm / Challenges: Difficult to evaluate Photoperiod Sensitivity  unattractive phenotype Tall plants with high ear placement Standability Issues  generally have weak roots High Harvest Moisture  generally later maturity Tight husks and slow dry-down Requires more Resources Larger Popn size and more segregates to evaluate Long Term Investment (success in 2 nd to 3 rd Gen.)

6. Exotic Germplasm Breeding:

7. Importance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding Disease Tolerance Insect Tolerance Increased Genetic Diversity Increased Yield Enhanced Stability across Environments Specialty Traits

8. Previous Experience / Cargill Hybrid Seeds : Brazil * Argentina * Mexico South Africa ** Thailand Italy * Research Liaison ** Tech. Advisor Philippines China France Germany Pakistan

9. Current DAS / Mycogen Seeds: Argentina Brazil Mexico Philippines

10. Germplasm Pools / Opportunities: USA Stiff Stalks Non-Stiff Stalks Iodents Other International Programs: Tuxpeno Tuson ETO Cateto Caribbean Suwan

11. Exotic Germplasm with International Program Shuttle Breeding Opportunities Introgression Breeding Projects Exchange Elite Inbreds All Possibilities (all countries – within & between) Observation Evaluation

12. Shuttle Breeding -- Example: USAinitiation of Trop (Brz)/Temp SSS Popn Brazilrecycle (3) popn (earliness & dis. tol.) USAadvance, select, & testcross (350  2) multiple testers  med. yield / not adv. Brazilmultiple testers  med. yield / not adv. Argentinamultiple testers  med. yield / not adv. S. Africa multiple testers  high yield, GCA, Primary Tester for yellow program

13. Inbred Exchange / Opportunities: USAObs. elite lines from Brazil Impressive plant health Impressive GLS tolerance ArgentinaObs. elite lines from all countries Complementary gene action / MRCV tol. Impressive MRCV tolerance BrazilObs. elite lines from USA Earliness with sufficient plant health

14. Introgression Projects: 2005 DataYield%H2O MycoSSS(12.5%Brz)S3/TS-A212 20.0 MycoSSS(12.5%Brz)S3/TS-B206 19.4 Commercial Hybrid Check #1201 19.6 Commercial Hybrid Check #2216 20.1

15. Introgression Projects: 2005 Data: Yield%H2O TS-C/ MycoNSS(25%Brz)S4205 19.3 Commercial Hybrid Check #1207 19.6

16. Introgression Projects: 2005 Data: Yield%H2O TS-C/ MycoNSS(50%Arg)S2A217 20.0 TS-C/ MycoNSS(50%Arg)S2B213 22.3 Commercial Hybrid Check #1203 19.8

17. Introgression Projects: 2005 Data: Yield%H2O TS-C/ MycoNSS(50%Brz)S1A205 19.5 Best Commercial Check190 19.4 TS-E/ MycoNSS(25%Brz)S1B216 19.2 Best Commercial Check197 20.3

18. Importance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding Disease Tolerance Insect Tolerance Increased Yield (Grain and/or Silage) Enhanced Stability across Environments Specialty Traits Kernel Composition (starch, AA, oil, etc.) Kernel Quality (food corn milling) Others

19. AN EXCELLENT SOURCE OF EXOTIC GERMPASM  GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT OF MAIZE (GEM) PROGRAM !!!

20. GEM Mission: Increase Genetic Diversity Introgression of Exotic Germplasm into Temperate Germplasm utilizing: LAMP Accessions (Exotic Sources) Evaluated for Yield and Adaptation Elite Temperate Germplasm Via Germplasm Contributions from GEM Cooperators

21. GEM Exotic Sources / Available: GEM Cooperator’s have the following types of Exotic Germplasm available from the base GEM Program: Populations (F2’s and BC’s) S1’s S2’s GEM Releases (S4’s+)

22. Why use GEM Exotic Sources: Solid Germplasm Backgrounds Pre-Evaluated LAMP Accessions Elite Temperate Germplasm (GEM Cooperators) NO “Strings Attached” for GEM Cooperators No Royalties No Breeding Restrictions Incorporation directly into your Breeding Program

23. Uses of GEM Exotic Sources: Fold Early Gen. (S1’s & S2’s) into your program GEM Popn X Proprietary Lines  Popn Proprietary Popn X GEM Releases  Popn Proprietary Line X GEM Release  Popn Others

24. GEM Popn / Myco Projects: 2005 Data: Yield%H2O TS-A// GEMBR51403…/Myco196 19.1 TS-B// GEMBR51403…/Myco191 19.9 GEM/Cuba164…/Myco// TS-C192 19.1 Commercial Hybrid Check193 19.3

25. GEM Popn / Myco Projects: Improvements: GEMBR51403…/Myco Improved Plant Health Increased K-rows on ear Improved Grain Texture (harder texture) GEMCuba164…/Myco Improved Grain Texture (Tall plant with high ear placement)

26. GEMBR51403…/MycoGEMBR51403…/Myco

27. GEMCuba164…/MycoGEMCuba164…/Myco

28. University of Wisconsin / J.G. Coors, D.T. Eilert, & P.J. Flannery / 2004 GEM Report: % t/a 2004 Silage DataMeans  Dry MatterYield ARZM17026:N1019 65008-2-3-1-2 X LH227 44.6 9.91 65008-2-3-1-3 X LH227 43.4 9.44 Mean of 4 Checks 41.3 8.55

29. University of Delaware / J.A. Hawk & T. Weldekidan / 2004 GEM Report: 2004 Data: Yield %H2O Pioneer 31G98 223 22.5 PioSSS/DK212T:N11a10)-107-2 216 22.7 PioSSS/DK212T:N11a10)-156-1 212 22.6 Pioneer 33B51 211 21.9 Pioneer 34H31 200 20.5

30. USDA-ARS / P. Scott & M. Blanco 2004 GEM Report: AA Index of DKXL212:N11a-139-1-1-B-B-B Top Ranked sample in the AA indexing ranking study (Met + Trp + Lys + 0.5 Thr) outperforming the high ranking checks Line has an unusually well balance AA content

31. Importance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding Disease Tolerance Insect Tolerance Increased Yield (Grain and/or Silage) Enhanced Stability across Environments Specialty Traits Kernel Composition (starch, AA, oil, etc.) Kernel Quality (food corn milling) Others

32. Exotic Germplasm – A Commercial Perspective Thank you for your Attention and for your Interest!!