1. ADULT STEM CELL DR ANDUJAR LPGN RESEARCH SCIENTIST

2. ADULT STEM CELL UNDIFFERENTIATED CELL FOUND WITH DIFFERENTIATED CELLS IN A TISSUE OR ORGAN

3. ADULT STEM CELL CAN RENEW OR DIFFERENTIATE, BUT PRIMARY ROLE IS: MAINTAIN & REPAIR THE TISSUE IN WHICH THEY ARE FOUND

4. OTHER NAME “SOMATIC “: REFERS TO CELLS OF THE BODY NOT EMBRYONIC.

5. LOCATIONS evidence that stem cells exist in the brain and the heart, as well as blood stem cells in the bone marrow.

6. TRANSPLANTATION these cells become the basis of transplantation- based therapies.

7. HISTORY- 1950’S. 2 KINDS OF ADULT STEM CELLS: 1- hematopoietic stem cells, forms all the types of blood cells in the body 2- mesenchymal stem cells, Can generate bone, cartilage, fat, cells that support the formation of blood, and fibrous connective tissue.

8. HISTORY - 1960’S scientists studying rats: regions of the brain that contained dividing cells that ultimately become nerve cells: MANY DISAGREED, most scientists believed that the adult brain could not generate new nerve cells.

9. HISTORY - 1990’S scientists agreed: adult brain does contain stem cells that are able to generate the brain's three major cell types—astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which are non- neuronal cells, and neurons, or nerve cells.

10. "STEM CELL NICHE" SPECIFIC AREA OF TISSUE WHERE STEM CELLS RESIDE IN: (brain, bone marrow, peripheral blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, skin, teeth, heart, gut, liver, ovarian epithelium, and testis).

11. STEM CELLS ARE DORMANT REMAIN DORMANT (non-dividing) until they are activated by a normal need for more cells to maintain tissues, or by disease or tissue injury.

12. ADULT STEM CELLS IN CELL CULTURE Scientists in many laboratories are trying to find better ways: -to grow large quantities -manipulate them to generate specific cell types to be used to treat injury or disease.

13. FGF AND ADULT STEM CELL Over the last two decades, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) have stood up as major players in both embryonic development and tissue repair.

14. FGF AND ADULT STEM CELL many studies point to somatic stem cells as major targets of FGF signaling in both tissue homeostasis and repair.

15. FGF AND ADULT STEM CELL Much research is currently ongoing to identify the factors and molecular mediators of stem cell self-renewal to reach these goals.

16. FGF AND ADULT STEM CELL FGFs appear to promote self- renewing proliferation and inhibit cellular senescence in nearly all tissues tested to date.

17. FGF AND ADULT STEM CELL The aging process decreases tissue function and regenerative capacity, which has been associated with cellular senescence and a decline in adult or somatic stem cell numbers and self-renewal within multiple tissues.

18. FGF AND ADULT STEM CELL The potential therapeutic application of stem cells to reduce the burden of aging and stimulate tissue regeneration after trauma is very promising.

19. FGF AND ADULT STEM CELL the role of FGFs and FGFRs in stem cell self-renewal, cellular senescence, and aging is crucial.

20. UNDIFFERENTIATED STEM CELLS ONLY FGF - 2 : HAS BEEN SHOWN TO KEEP STEM CELLS UNDIFFERENTIATED

21. FGF-2 FUNCTION WAKES UP AND STIMULATES THE ADULT STEM CELL !

22. LAMININE & ADULT STEM CELL THE STIMULATED ADULT STEM CELL THEN UTILIZE THE PLANT AMINO ACIDS AND FISH PROTEINS TO REPAIR THE SPECIFIC TISSUES.