1. BIA Road Maintenance TIBC Meeting Billings, MT July 23, 2014

2. General Definition: Road Maintenance Definition of Road Maintenance: The basic objective of road maintenance is implicit in the word itself. It is done to ensure that the road that has been constructed, or improved, is maintained in its original condition. It is accepted that over the life of the road it will deteriorate due to factors with which maintenance activities cannot deal. Nevertheless maintenance is intended to begin on the first day after the road improvement works are completed. The basic purpose is to maintain, not improve or reconstruct. Its purpose is to ensure that the road that has been constructed (regardless of standard), or improved, is maintained in its as-built condition. It is given that over the life of the facility it will deteriorate due to factors with which maintenance activities cannot address. It is intended to begin on the first day after the road improvement works or acquisition are completed.

3. Road maintenance is not ‘glamorous’! Road maintenance activities are not celebrated with a ribbon cutting.

4. BIA Road Maintenance Program Road maintenance is not an improvement program. It is the maintenance of transportation facilities in the as-built condition. Road maintenance is not an improvement program. It is the maintenance of transportation facilities in the as-built condition. Road construction funding is authorized for the improvement and reconstruction of roads. Road construction funding is authorized for the improvement and reconstruction of roads. ~3/4 of BIA roads are earth roads (gravel surface or unimproved earth) ~3/4 of BIA roads are earth roads (gravel surface or unimproved earth) Road Sealing is a preventive maintenance activity, it is allowed under Title 23 without restrictions associated with road maintenance provisions in MAP-21 Road Sealing is a preventive maintenance activity, it is allowed under Title 23 without restrictions associated with road maintenance provisions in MAP-21

5. BIA Road Maintenance (Cont.) ~ 345 locations where BIA roads are located ~ 29,400 miles of existing BIA Roads (Over 900 bridges) ~ 85% of BIA Roads are in 6 of the 12 Regions Funding varies from a high of $41 M in 1992 to $24.1 M in FY2013 1991 BIA Miles of Roads: ~20,200 2013 BIA Miles of Roads: ~29,200 ~ 22,125 or 75% of BIA roads are earth, gravel or primitive (unimproved) ~ Allocation methodology: historic percentage

6. Road Maintenance budget – recent history (x 1000) FY2010 Enacted/ (x 1000) FY2008FY2009FY2010FY2011 CRFY2012FY2013FY2014 $25,576$26,046$26,490 $25,390$24,123$24,303

7. In 2005, highway account made road maintenance an eligible activity.

8. Over 75% of BIA roads are earth, gravel or unimproved

9. Summary It cost more to maintain roads which are earth, gravel or unimproved Many of the BIA roads were not designed or constructed to a standard, they are being maintained as “as-built” roads Maintenance of unimproved roads is a “risk” investment, weather has a great impact on the investment of road maintenance Bridges has actually improved (no. of deficient bridges, 25% to 22%) because there is a dedicated fund (TTP Bridge Facilities) Roads which are constructed in current year, will require a major investment in current year + 5-7 in order to sustain the initial investment ARRA $ was targeted primarily at roads in fair condition, and the initial impact was a three point improvement of 15% to 18% of roads in adequate condition ($143.5 M)