1. Comparing UK & US models of police (pre-join) education Richard Heslop, Sergeant, West Yorkshire Police, UK Pro-PEL Pre-Conference 24 June 2014 Police Professionalism, Education & Learning

2. Themes for comparison: U.K-U.S.A 1.Structure of policing system 2.Evolution of entry-level (pre-join) training and drivers 3.Market for police entry-level training/education 4.Model(s) for pre-join training ( balance between in- house v academic involvement) 5.Governance/regulation of pre-join training 6.Future of pre-join training/education

3. Structure of policing systems 43 forces versus 18,000 law enforcement agencies Diverse and radically decentralised in U.S.A, reflects federated system of governance 50% of agencies less than 10 officers 75% of agencies less than 25 sworn police

4. Evolution of entry-level training and drivers Mixed market model has evolved in U.S.A to reflect diverse and decentralised police system In U.K police training traditionally ‘in-house’ :police desire to retain control Drivers for change in U.K relate to economics and police professionalisation agenda

5. Market for police training/education Well established mixed-market approach in U.S.A Emerging mixed-market in England & Wales

6. Models for pre-join training Emerging various approaches in U.K i.e: CKP, pre-join degree level programmes, but majority of police training still takes place in-house. Majority of programme based on post-employment model In U.S.A nearly half of all training takes place in an academic institution such as college, university of technical school In U.S.A training based around Police Academy model

7. Governance/regulation of pre-join training In U.S.A all aspects of training are closely regulated by state level agencies.

8. Future of pre-join training/education Established approach likely to continue in U.S.A Some uncertainties in England and Wales such as: 1.Academic level of pre-join qualification 2.CKP: as yet untested 3.Impact of Police and Crime Commissioners 4.Power of College of Policing to mandate and enforce

9. Questions/discussion ? Richard Heslop email r.heslop@fulbrightmail.orgr.heslop@fulbrightmail.org