1. The New York Botanical Garden The Macroalgae Digitization Project Advancing online algal collections at the New York Botanical Garden and beyond Stephen D. Gottschalk, Naveed Davoodian, Sarah N. Dutton, Juli A. Janis, Beryl C. M. Kahn, Theodore D. Kirkinis, Eli Min, Jonathan W. Toll, and Kenneth G. Karol

2. The New York Botanical Garden The Macroalgal Consortium 49 participating institutions, 25 states, 1 U.S. territory Map courtesy of Christopher Neefus, 2014.

3. The New York Botanical Garden Primary Digitization Centers New York Botanical Garden University of California University of Michigan University of New Hampshire University of North Carolina University of Washington

4. The New York Botanical Garden Digitizing Institutions Academy of Natural Sciences Bishop Museum Brooklyn Botanic Garden Duke University Field Museum of Natural History Harvard University Oregon State University University of Alaska SE University of Guam Marine Lab University of Hawaii University of South Florida University of Vermont

5. The New York Botanical Garden Contributing Institutions Brown UniversityRutgers University University of Connecticut Butler UniversitySan Diego Nat. Hist. Museum University of Massachusetts Florida Museum of Nat. HistoryShasta College University of Rhode Island Hopkins Marine StationTexas A&M University University of South Carolina Humboldt State University Univ of North Carolina Wilmington University of Texas Pan Am. Louisiana State UniversityUniv. of Alaska MuseumUniversity of Utah Miami University Univ. of Texas Marine Science Institute TX West Virginia University Michigan State UniversityUniversity of AlabamaYale University Mote Marine Laboratory University of California (Berkley) Youngstown State University Nat. Tropical Botanical GardenUniversity of California (Davis) New York State MuseumUniversity of California (Irvine)

6. The New York Botanical Garden Scope More than 1.1 million specimens. Collections dating back 200 years. All major algal groups: – Red Algae – Green Algae – Brown Algae

7. The New York Botanical Garden Digitization will consist of... A speciman image

8. The New York Botanical Garden Digitization will consist of... No. 60-11-21-1 In c. 4” of water, pool c. 100 ft. E of bridge, Warrill River, c. 44.7 mi. N of Warwick, Queensland, Australia. Coll.: R. D. Wood Nov. /21/1960 A label transcription

9. The New York Botanical Garden Digitization will consist of... A taxon determination Chara connivens P. Salzmann ex A. Braun

10. The New York Botanical Garden Digitization will consist of... A georeferenced point

11. The New York Botanical Garden www.macroalgae.org

12. The New York Botanical Garden Workflow Summary Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Curation Specimen Imaging barcode.jpg barcode.jpg OCR Text barcode.txt barcode.txt Skeletal Records barcode scientific name Skeletal Records barcode scientific name GeoreferencingGeoreferencing Duplicate Record Matching (exsiccati) (exsiccati)

13. The New York Botanical Garden Workflow Summary Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Curation Specimen Imaging barcode.jpg barcode.jpg OCR Text barcode.txt barcode.txt Skeletal Records barcode scientific name Skeletal Records barcode scientific name GeoreferencingGeoreferencing Duplicate Record Matching (exsiccati) (exsiccati)

14. The New York Botanical Garden Workflow Summary Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Curation Specimen Imaging barcode.jpg barcode.jpg OCR Text barcode.txt barcode.txt Skeletal Records barcode scientific name Skeletal Records barcode scientific name GeoreferencingGeoreferencing Duplicate Record Matching (exsiccati) (exsiccati)

15. The New York Botanical Garden Workflow Summary Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Curation Specimen Imaging barcode.jpg barcode.jpg OCR Text barcode.txt barcode.txt Skeletal Records barcode scientific name Skeletal Records barcode scientific name GeoreferencingGeoreferencing Duplicate Record Matching (exsiccati) (exsiccati)

16. The New York Botanical Garden Workflow Summary Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Curation Specimen Imaging barcode.jpg barcode.jpg OCR Text barcode.txt barcode.txt Skeletal Records barcode scientific name Skeletal Records barcode scientific name GeoreferencingGeoreferencing Duplicate Record Matchng Duplicate Record Matching (exsiccati) (exsiccati)

17. The New York Botanical Garden Workflow Summary Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Duplicate Record Matching (exsiccati) (exsiccati) Specimen Curation Specimen Imaging barcode.jpg barcode.jpg OCR Text barcode.txt barcode.txt Skeletal Records barcode scientific name Skeletal Records barcode scientific name GeoreferencingGeoreferencing

18. The New York Botanical Garden Workflow Summary Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Manual Data Entry In-house or crowd sourcing Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Database Skeletal records Images Complete data OCR Specimen Curation Specimen Imaging barcode.jpg barcode.jpg OCR Text barcode.txt barcode.txt Skeletal Records barcode scientific name Skeletal Records barcode scientific name GeoreferencingGeoreferencing Duplicate Record Matching (exsiccati) (exsiccati)

19. The New York Botanical Garden Specimen Curation Previous curator Marshall A. Howe - died in 1936!

20. The New York Botanical Garden Specimen Curation Many specimens mounted 50 – 100 years ago. Paper frequently not acid free.

21. The New York Botanical Garden Specimen Curation Specimens poorly situated for digitization (information on the backs of specimens). Multiple specimens and/or taxa per sheet.

22. The New York Botanical Garden Rapid Data & Image Capture Generate skeletal database records Barcode Scientific name (as filed) Photograph every specimen

23. The New York Botanical Garden NYBG Herbarium Snapshot Algal class Number of digital records = Barcoded groups

24. The New York Botanical Garden Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Cataloging Records to be pre-sorted by OCR and cataloged in groups of similar label types.

25. The New York Botanical Garden Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Cataloging Compiled from 3,000 lines of raw OCR from Charles Wright’s labels.

26. The New York Botanical Garden Cataloging The Macroalgae Portal using Symbiota.

27. The New York Botanical Garden Cataloging The Macroalgae Portal using Symbiota. www.macroalgae.org

28. The New York Botanical Garden Cataloging The Macroalgae Portal using Symbiota. www.macroalgae.org

29. The New York Botanical Garden Cataloging The Macroalgae Portal using Symbiota. www.macroalgae.org

30. The New York Botanical Garden Georeferencing Courtesy of Christopher Neefus, 2014.

31. The New York Botanical Garden Algae Collections at the New York Botanical Gardens An estimated 150,000 algal specimens. Notable collectors: – Timothy F. Allen – Frank S. Collins – Marshall A. Howe – Nicolas Pike – Josephine Tilden – Richard D. Wood Notable collections: – Charophytes – Coralline reds

32. The New York Botanical Garden Impacts on the NYBG collections Improved state of the NYBG collection Better access to specimens. A more comprehensive type collection. – Currently numbers more than 2,900. – More than 150 types added since start of project. Improved digitization workflows.

33. The New York Botanical Garden NYBG Herbarium loans in the last 10 years

34. The New York Botanical Garden Broader Impacts Facilitate further research in the following areas: – Bioinvasions Sleith, R. S. & K. G. Karol. The invasive macro alga Nitellopsis obtusa in New York State. Salve Regina University. Northeast Algal Society Symposium. Newport, RI. 25-27 April 2014. – Climate Change Bartsch, I. & R. Kuhlenkamp. 2000. The marine macroalgae of Helgoland (North Sea): an annotated list of records between 1845 and 1999. Helgol Mar Res 54: 160-189. – Human Impact Littler, M. M. & S. N. Murray. 1975. Impact of sewage on the distribution, abundance and community structure of rocky intertidal macro-organisms. Mar Biol 30: 277-291.

35. The New York Botanical Garden Additional Information www.macroalgae.org http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/Virtu alHerbarium.asp Thank you!