1. ACIDS
BASES

2. Key Words Compare and contrast acid and base properties.
Identify a substance as an acid or base
Identify acids and bases based on an indicator
Identify acids and bases based on their pH
Key Words
Acid
Base
Indicator
Corrosive

3. ACID BASE Sour (lemons) Bitter (soap) DO NOT taste. Corrosive (burn)
Destroy bases
(neutralization)
Conduct electricity
React with most metals
(hydrogen gas is made)
Bitter (soap) DO NOT taste.
Corrosive (burn)
Destroy Acids
(neutralization)
Conduct electricity
Feel slippery
(destroy proteins & fats)

4. Acidic Basic (alkaline) H Cl H NO3 H 2SO4 H Br Na OH Ca( )2 OH K OH
NH 3

5. H NO3 Ca( )2 OH Most acids and bases are aqueous when used.
Most acids and bases are ionic compounds and include polyatomic ions.
Acids tend to have “H” in their formula.
Bases often have polyatomic “OH” (hydroxide) - Usually bonded to a 1A or 2A metal. H
NO3
Ca( )2 OH

6. POLYATOMIC ION
ACID OR BASE
SO4-2 (sulfate ion)
sulfuric acid
NO3-1 (nitrate ion)
nitric acid
CO3-2 (carbonate ion)
carbonic acid
PO4-3 (phosphate ion)
phosphoric acid
OH-1 (hydroxide ion)
sodium hydroxide
OH-1
lithium hydroxide

7. HNO3 (s) (aq) + NO3- (aq) H+ H2CO3 (s) 2 (aq) + CO3-2 (aq) H+
When dissolved in water, acids and bases dissociate into two ions.
split apart into ions
The hydrogen ion is responsible for the acid properties.
HNO3 (s) (aq) + NO3- (aq) H+
H2CO3 (s) (aq) + CO3-2 (aq) H+

8. Ca(OH)2 (s) Ca+2 (aq) + 2 (aq) OH-
The hydroxide ion is responsible for the base properties.
Ca(OH)2 (s) Ca+2 (aq) (aq)
OH-
KOH(s) K+ (aq) (aq)
OH-

10. Indicators

11. A substance that changes colour when added to an acid or base is called an indicator.
There are many different types of indicators available.
We often use paper containing the litmus dye as an indicator (red or blue litmus paper).

12. Indicators Acids Bases Phenolphthalein Bromothymol blue
Universal Indicator
Methyl Orange
Litmus RED
Litmus BLUE
(feeno-thay-leen)

13. Most acids contain hydrogen.
Most bases contain hydroxide (OH-)
Acids dissociate in water to make hydrogen ions.
Bases dissociate in water to make hydroxide ions.
Indicators are substances that change colour to show the presence of an acid or base.