1. 1. What is a Nation-State?
Looking at the Map:
2. What factors make uniting difficult?

2. Notes on Italian Unification

3. Background Not unified since the fall of Roman Empire
Nine states had come together in a war against Austria to get back the provinces she took in a previous war
Congress of Vienna created the boundaries of the nine states

4. I. Soul- Mazzini
Giuseppe Mazzini- popular writer- exiled due to strong nationalism
Europe needed to redraw the lines set by the Congress of Vienna
Ex. Northern Italy under the control of Austria, but different culture/language/etc.
How does this reflect the ideas of nationalism?
Group “Young Italy” attracted tens of thousands
Members had to be under age 40

5. II. Mind- Cavour (unites Northern Italy)
Camillo di Cavour- Prime Minister of Sardinia
Made an alliance with France, Emperor Napoleon III agreed to help in driving Austria out of northern provinces.
He agreed to give France a small amount of territory
Cavour then provoked Austria and they declared war in and with the help of France, northern Italian states liberated, excluding Venetia

6. III. Sword- Garibaldi
Giuseppe Garibaldi- Red Shirts- gained control of Sicily and southern Italy with the aid of Cavour
Garibaldi and Cavour had now liberated everywhere but Venetia (controlled by Austria) and the Papal States (supported by the French who supported the pope).
Italy allied itself with Prussia, after the Prussian- Austrian War, Venetia went to Italy
1870 French troops withdrew from Papal States
King Victor Emmanuel II then moved the capital of a unified Italy to Rome from Florence.

7. Sword- Garibaldi

8. Challenges
Strong Regional differences: industrialized north versus agricultural south
Catholic Church did not recognize Italy Why?
Poverty
Only wealthy men could vote (changes as Italy industrializes)
Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Germany
Explain how Italian unification is an example of Nationalism?