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The GUNS OF AUGUST- start of World War I
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On 20 May, 1910, London hosted a Massive funeral For King Edward VII, son of Queen Victoria. There were NINE kings and 100’s of other royalty in the procession. US President Theodore Roosevelt was lost Among the uniforms.
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Most people in Europe felt that war was a
Thing of the past. Trade was making too Many people rich. Also most of Europe Was ruled by kings and all most all of them Were related to Queen Victoria who had Been called The Grandmother of Europe.
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No one knew that day that only eight years
Later Europe would be changed forever and FOUR EMPIRES WOULD BE GONE.
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No one knew that day that only eight years
Later Europe would be changed forever and FOUR EMPIRES WOULD BE GONE. 1. RUSSIAN
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No one knew that day that only eight years
Later Europe would be changed forever and FOUR EMPIRES WOULD BE GONE. 1. RUSSIAN Austria-Hungary
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No one knew that day that only eight years
Later Europe would be changed forever and FOUR EMPIRES WOULD BE GONE. 1. RUSSIAN Austria-Hungary 3. German
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No one knew that day that only eight years
Later Europe would be changed forever and FOUR EMPIRES WOULD BE GONE. 1. RUSSIAN Austria-Hungary 3. German OTTOMAN Empire
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At this time Britain Was unique in that King’s power was Limited. Most kings Still enjoyed almost Complete power. This meant that the Personalities of the Individuals became Critical - government of men, NOT gov’t of LAWS
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Germany had been Many small states Since the THIRTY YEARS WAR ended In 1648. This was was About __________
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Germany had been Many small states Since the THIRTY YEARS WAR ended In 1648. This was was About RELIGION -Catholic vs Prot. War left Germany Divided & devastated.
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Over time, the large State of PRUSSIA Came to dominate The other states of Germany. Prussia became Famous for military And discipline. DO Everything by the Book! “You vill Do this!!!!”
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In 1871 Prussian Political genius OTTO VON BISMARCK tricked France into the FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR. Prussia won and Bismarck used this to have WILHELM I Crowned KAISER OF GERMANY
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Wilhelm I loved the Military & reviewing His soldiers. His Son , Crown Prince Frederick Wilhelm Married Princess Royal of Britain Victoria (daughter Of Queen Victoria). They were very “liberal “& at odds with Wilhelm I.
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Wilhelm suffered a slight birth defect-
his left arm was pitched and a little smaller and weaker than the other arm. His parents could not accept that he— Crown prince of Germany-was not perfect. Wilhelm was raised very strictly and’ seldom allowed to cry & “show weakness” --Wilhelm grew close to his grandfather. Together they plan “greatness for Germany,” meaning more colonies.
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Frederick Wilhelm Succeeded throne As FW IV. He soon Died of cancer, leaving his spoiled And self-centered son to take over. Wilhelm determined To win a PLACE IN THE SUN for Germany.
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Bismarck had run Germany for a long time and made it a world power. He had one overall rule in foreign Policy—Germany Must never have BOTH FRANCE & ______ mad At it at same time.
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Bismarck had run Germany for a long time and made it a world power. He had one overall rule in foreign Policy—Germany Must never have BOTH FRANCE & RUSSIA mad At it at same time.
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When Wilhelm II Took the throne, he Would not listen To Bismarck and Soon fired the old Man. Within a few years He had made both France & Russia Angry at Germany
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After their crown Prince was Murdered at _________________ On JUNE 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary Rightly blamed Serbia.
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After their crown Prince FRANZ FERDINAND was Murdered at SARAJEVO On JUNE 18, 1914, Austria-Hungary Rightly blamed Serbia.
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Austria Hungary had declined in power For a long time. Its MULTI-ETHNIC Make up had greatly Weakened it.
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Austria Hungary Now felt too weak To stand without its Best ally – _______
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Austria Hungary Now felt too weak To stand without its Best ally Germany
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Now with peace of World in the balance Austria asked Germany if they Would support Austrian action Against Serbia. Unfortunately Who was in charge Of Germany?
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The wing nut of Europe— Wilhelm II.
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The wing nut of Europe— Wilhelm II. Responding to Austria Hungary’s Request, he said,
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The wing nut of Europe— Wilhelm II. Responding to Austria Hungary’s Request, he said, “OK – do what you Like and we will Support you.” “Blank Check”
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Wilhelm and all of His government Then went on Vacation while A-H Issued an ULTIMATUM To SERBIA
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Wilhelm and all of His government Then went on Vacation while A-H Issued an ULTIMATUM To SERBIA—give In to us OR ELSE!!
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Serbia called Upon the BIG BROTHER OF ALL THE SLAVIC— EASTERN EUROPEAN— PEOPLE which Was _____________
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Serbia called Upon the BIG BROTHER OF ALL THE SLAVIC— EASTERN EUROPEAN— PEOPLE which Was _RUSSIA_
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Russia reassured Serbia that Russia Would back up The “Little Brother Slavs.” Now “Nicky” & “Willie” start to Get worried and Send frantic Telegrams to each other.
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Willie = Wilhelm II Of Germany Nicky = Nicholas II Of Russia
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Serbia accepts all Of A-H Ultimatum Except one point. A-H declares war Anyway. July 28 – AH declares war on Serbia. What will Russia Do?
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July 29 – Russia MOBILIZES the Army along ENTIRE EASTERN BORDER. This put Russian Army on border Of ___________ Also.
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July 30– Russia MOBILIZES the Army along ENTIRE EASTERN BORDER. This put Russian Army on border Of GERMANY Also.
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July 31– Germany Goes NUTS!! Send ultimatum To Russia _____________
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July 31– Germany Goes NUTS!! Send ultimatum To Russia stop mobilizing Send another Ultimatum to ________to stay neutral
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July 31– Germany Goes NUTS!! Send ultimatum To Russia stop mobilizing Send another Ultimatum to France__to stay neutral
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AUG 1– Both France & Russia Reject German Ultimatums. Germany declares War on everyone In sight and Invades________
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AUG 1– Both France & Germany Reject German Ultimatums. Germany declares War on everyone In sight and Invades_Belgium WHY??
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In the 1890’s, after Wilhelm II made Both France and Russia angry at Germany and these Enemies had formed An alliance, the German army Realized they needed a plan for A two front war.
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Alfred von Schlieffen This man was put in charge of the plan
For a two front war. Alfred von Schlieffen
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The Schlieffen Plan had been Germany’s War plan for Nearly 20 years.
It had been Practiced over & Over. Schlieffen reasoned That Russia was very Backward and had Few railroad. Russia Is also very large. It Would take weeks & Weeks for the RUSSIA ARMY TO WALK TO GERMAN BORDER.
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Schlieffen Plan- 1) Leave only a few troops to guard
German eastern border with Russia 2) Throw 90% of German army west against FRANCE 3) avoid French border forts by going through Belgium 4) quickly take PARIS and knock France Out of the war 5) PUT ALL GERMAN ARMY ON TRAINS & RUSH THEM ACROSS GERMANY.
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Schlieffen Plan- 5) PUT ALL GERMAN ARMY ON TRAINS & RUSH THEM ACROSS GERMANY. 6) German army will arrive on eastern Border just as the Russian army gets There after having walked all the way From Central Russia.
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So on July 31 When Russia Mobilized, Germany saw The carefully Worked out SCHLIEFFEN TIME TABLE Being disrupted & went NUTS!
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France and Russia reacted By declaring war back on Germany. Britain declared War on Germany after Germany Violated Belgian Neutrality.
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By August 4, 1914, all the big powers
Of Europe were at war with each other. On August 12, 1914, Austria-Hungary Finally actually invaded Serbia. Having not had a war in living memory, everyone in Europe went to war rejoicing that their own country would prove its greatness.
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