1. Wireless Systems IK1330 Anders Västberg vastberg@kth.se 08-790 44 55 1

2. IK1330 Wireless Systems INL1: 4.5 hec (A-F) –Three case studies, poster presentations and opposition reports SEM1: 1.5 hec (P/F) –6 seminars, compulsory participation, homework and assimilation problems LABA: 1.5 hec. (P/F) –Two labs: Propagation measurements, Cellular planning Required reading: –Stallings, W., Wireless Communications and Network, Pearson, 2005 Course Webpage: –http://www.kth.se/social/courses/IK1330 Book Webpage: –http://williamstallings.com/Wireless/Wireless2e.html 2

3. IK1330 Wirless Systems Learning outcomes This course provides an overview of wireless systems. It describes the basic design of radio links and radio networks, and describes the system architecture and function of different existing standards for wireless systems. To pass, the student should be able to: –Give an overview how a fading radio channel affects the link performance of wireless communication systems. –Dimensioning a radio link in terms of range and channel capacity based on given conditions –Explain how multiple access methods works. –Calculate the capacity of radio networks using simple models –Give an overview of the system architecture of the various existing wireless communication systems. For the highest grade, the student should be able to: –Explain wave propagation mechanisms and make judgments based on how these mechanisms affect the wave propagation. –Solve a general design problem for the radio links and radio networks by using simple formulas –Give an overview of various existing systems for wireless communications and compare the capacity and performance of them. Fulfilling parts of the learning outcomes of the highest grade results in grades D to B. 3

4. Feisel-Schmitzs taxanomy 1.Define (Beskriva) 2.Calculate (Beräkna, Dimensionera … med givna förutsättningar) 3.Explain (Förklara) 4.Solve (Lösa, analysera) 5.Judge (Göra bedömningar, Jämföra) 4

5. IK1330 Wireless Systems Channel capacity, transmission, multplexing Antennas, wave propagation, fading, Digital Modulation, Spread spectrum FHSS, DSSS, Multiple access FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA, Error detection and error correction, Wireless networks standards for cellular and mobile broadband systems, wireless LAN, sensor networks and PAN. 5

6. Outline of the course Introduction (chapter 1) Part one: –Transmission fundamentals (chapter 2) Part two: –Antennas and Propagation (chapter 5) –Signal encoding techniques (chapter 6) –Spread spectrum (chapter 7) –Coding and error control (chapter 8) –Channel Capacity (chapter 2) 6

7. Outline of the course Part three: –Satellite communcation (chapter 9) –Cellular wireless networks (chapter 10) –Cordless systems and Microwave links (chapter 11) Part four: –WLAN (802.11/Wi-Fi) (chapter 13, 14) –Bluetooth / ZigBee / Sensor networks (chapter 15) 7

8. Radio Communication Radio or radio communication means any transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds or intelligence of any nature by means of electromagnetic waves of frequencies lower than three thousand gigacycles per second (3000 GHz) propagated in space without artificial guide. Examples of radio communication systems: –Radio broadcasting. –TV broadcasting. –Satellite communication. –Mobile Cellular Telephony. –Wireless LAN. –Multimedia communication & Mobile Internet [Slimane] 8

9. Electromagnetic Waves [NE] 9

10. History 1864: Maxwell describes radio wave mathematically 1888: Hertz generates radio waves 1896: Marconi makes the first radio transmission 1915: Radio tubes are invented 1948: Shannon’s law 1948: Transistor 1960: Communication Satellites 1981: Cellular technology 10

11. Classification of radio spectrum Application Time and Frequency Normals,Navigation, UnderwaterCommunication, Remote sensingunder ground, Maritme telegraphy Long distance communication (fixedand marite), Broadcasting,Naviagation, Radio beacons AM broadcasting, naviation, radiobeacons, distress frequencies. Fixed point to point communication,Mobile maritime aeronautical, landservices, military communication,amateur radio and broadcasting Broadcasting, TV, FM, Mobileservices for maritime, aeronauticaland land, Wireless microphones,Meteor burst communicaiton Broadcasting TV, satelites, Personaltelephone systems, radar systems,fixed and mobile satelite services Fixed services, Fixed stateliteservices, Mobile serivces, Remotesensing Frequency assaignments up 60 GHz Frequency 300-3000 Hz 3-30 kHz 30-300 kHz 300-3000 KHz 3-30 MHz 30-300 MHz 300-3000 MHz 3-30 GHz 30-300 GHz Wavelength 1000 -100 km 100 -10 km 10 -1 km 1000 -100 m 100 -10 m 10 -1 m 100 -10 cm 10 -1 cm 10 -1 mm TermELFVLFLFMFHFVHFUHFSHFEHF 11

12. The Radio Spectrum The frequency spectrum is a shared resource. Radio propagation does not recognize geopolitical boundaries. International cooperation and regulations are required for an efficient use of the radio spectrum. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is an agency, within the UN, that takes care of this resource. –Frequency assignment. –Standardization. –Coordination and planning of the international telecommunication services. 12

13. Higher Carrier Frequency: Shorter Range = c/f Higher Channel Capacity 13

14. Radio Communication Three main problems: –The path loss –Noise –Sharing the radio spectrum 14

15. Current Problems Energy efficiency energy consumption at today's level while we can see a 1000-fold increase in traffic volume to 2020. reduce operational cost minimized RF emission ”Revenue Gap” Scalability (Internet of Things) billions of devices ubiquitous services 15

16. Evolution of Wireless Systems [Stallings., 2005] 16

17. Evolution of Cellular Systems [Slimane] AMPS TACS NMT GSMGPRSEDGE D-AMPS IS-136 CDPDTD-SCDMA WCDMA UTMS CDMA IS-95 CDMAone IS-95B CDMA2000 1G (Analog)2.5G (Packet)2G (Digital)3G 17

18. Evolution of Cellular Systems (UTRA) 18 WCDMA UTMS HSDPA HSPA-evolution LTE 3G3.5G4G

19. LTE-Long Term Evolution High spectral efficiency Very low latency Support of variable bandwidth Simple protocol architecture Simple Architecture Compatibility and inter-working with earlier 3GPP Releases Inter-working with other systems, e.g. cdma2000 FDD and TDD within a single radio access technology 19

20. Other Technologies WLAN (IEEE 802.11) Bluetooth Sensor networks (ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4) 20

21. Communication Systems Source of information Information sink Transmitter Channel Receiver Message signal Estimate of message signal Transmitted signal Received signal [Ahlin et. al., 2006] 21

22. Analog Communication System Source of information Signal Processing ModulatorRF-Stage Channel RF-Stage Information sink Signal Processing Demodulator [Slimane] 22

23. Digital Communication System Source of Information Source Encoder ModulatorRF-Stage Channel RF-Stage Information Sink Source Decoder Demodulator Channel Encoder Digital Modulator Channel Decoder Digital Demodulator [Slimane] 23

24. Uppgifter inför F2 24