2. Motivation Driving force behind all actions and behaviors Variables
Self Efficacy
Need for Achievement
Teacher Expectations
Reinforcement
Ability
Environment
Goals
Interest / curiosity
Imitation
Anxiety
Reinforcement
Enthusiasm

3. Various Views of Learning & Motivation
Behavioral
Cognitive
Constructivist
Social Cognitive
Humanistic
Sociocultural

4. Theories Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of needs
Behavior is controlled by both internal and external factors
We make choices and exercise free-will
B.F. Skinner
Behaviorist
Behavior is determined by the reinforcer or reward
Behavior is learned

6. Jean Piaget & Lev Vygotsky
Theories Cont.
Albert Bandura
Social Cognitive
Knowledge based on social and environmental interactions
Jean Piaget & Lev Vygotsky
Constructivist
Knowledge constructed on personal or social experiences

7. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation
What is your student’s motivation?

8. Extrinsic Motivation Externally-Based Just-For-Now Results Rewards
Fear
Just-For-Now Results
Students complete the assignment just for the reward at the end or the fear that is instilled in them, NOT for themselves and NOT for educational benefit.

9. Extrinsic Motivation (contd.)
Extrinsically motivated students reach for assignments with a lower level of difficulty so the assignment is quicker to complete.
Extrinsic motivation lasts with a student only until the next reward is offered or until the fear is settled.
Extrinsic motivation is a “quick fix” that is actually a negative approach to teaching.

10. Intrinsic Motivation Student-Based Self-Efficacy
The reward of enjoying an assignment
The results are self-determined
Self-Efficacy
Students want to do the assignments well for themselves
Students complete the assignment for themselves, NOT just for a grade.

11. Intrinsic Motivation (contd.)
Intrinsically motivated students reach for assignments with a higher level of difficulty.
Intrinsic motivation lasts with a student much longer than extrinsic motivation.
Intrinsic motivation is harder to find within a student.

12. How Would You Motivate Your Student?

13. Motivating Students Control Competent Connected
Motivation depends on the extent in which teachers are able to meet the students’ needs.
Control
Competent
Connected

14. How To Help Students Feel In Control!
Input in their learning goals and activities
Assist in writing classroom rules and procedures
Decide to work in groups or individuals
Cooperative learning- let them select learning partners

15. How to Help Students Feel Competent!
Make assignments challenging
Lessons interesting & relevant
Ask questions they can answer
Know their background to help motivate

16. How to Help Students Feel Connected!
Climate or culture of trust, respect, & caring
Feel competent as a whole group
Family or Community feeling

17. Motivational Tips
Make sure your room is safe and accommodates the student’s needs. (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs)
Organization (Classrooms and Lessons)
Set goals and give regular feedback
Collaborative Learning
Provide Reinforcement and Encouragement

18. Harry Wong’s Motivational Tips
Utilize Humor in the Classroom
Respect the Student
Be inviting
What Motivates You as a student?

19. Hindrances to Motivation
The student’s needs are not being met.
The teacher has a negative attitude towards the students or their work.
The student experiences negative peer- interactions.
The student has low self-esteem.
The classroom is unorganized.
The assignments are unclear.

20. Overcoming Hindrances
Make sure the student’s needs are met. Create a positive classroom environment.
Approach challenges with a positive attitude.
Encourage group collaboration.
Create an organized classroom.
Design Lessons that are organized and comprehensive.

21. Motivating the Unmotivated
What would you say if I told you there is a lot teachers can do about it?

22. Eight Simple Steps for Motivating Students
Give them something real- local events or news, technology, student culture, interests or relationships
Supply choices- creates autonomy and gives students a voice
Challenge students- assess each individuals level of learning, and create a challenge that is just above their current ability

23. Eight Simple Steps for Motivating Students, continued
Present role models- guest speakers, peers, or other students give relevance to school subjects
Peer models- learning from a peer who succeeds with a task…This includes: gender and/or ethnic groups, social circles, age, interests, or levels of achievement
Help struggling students strategize- give specific strategies that teach students how to learn

24. Eight Simple Steps for Motivating Students, continued
Develop a sense of belonging- the teacher creates this by being warm and open, encouraging of student participation, friendly, helpful, organized and prepared for teaching, and is enthusiastic
Use a supportive teaching style- the teacher listens, encourages, responds to student questions, and empathizes with students