1. Word Roots and Scientific Method
The Science of Biology

2. Word Roots Word roots are usually based in Greek or Latin
They are the backbone of many words we use
If you know word roots they can be valuable
You can break a word down to determine it’s meaning

3. Word Root
Meaning
a or an
not or non
endo
inner, inside
aero
needing oxygen or air
anti
against
aqua
water
arthro
joint
auto
self bi
two, twice, double
bio
life, living
chloro
green
cyto
cell
genesis
origin, beginning
herba
plants
hetero
different
homo
alike, similar
hydro

4. Word Root
Meaning
hemo
blood
intra
within, inside
logy
study of
mono
one, single
micro
small
macro
large
multi
many
phobia
dislike, fear
philia
like
photo
light
poly
sub
lesser, below
troph
eat, consume
tri
three
zoo, zoa
animal
Inter
between

5. What is Science?
Science--organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world
Goals:
Investigate and understand natural world to explain events.
Use explanations to make useful predictions

6. Studying Life Biology is the study of living things
“Bio” – life; “ology” – study
Is it Alive?
What were some characteristics you determined from the video?

7. Characteristics of Living Things
Nonliving things share some characteristics with living things, but not all
5 characteristics of living things
1. Made up of cells
2. Reproduce
3. Based on genetic code (i.e. DNA)

8. Characteristics of Living Things
4. Metabolism—use energy to build up and break down materials for life
Eating
Growing
Producing waste
5. Homeostasis—maintain stable internal conditions
Respond to environment
i.e. maintain body temperature
MUST have ALL 5 characteristics to be considered a LIVING thing

9. Scientist Specialization
Biologists
Ecologists
Population biologists
Zoologists
Cellular biologists
Molecular biologists

10. Scientific Method An organized way of solving problems
1.Observations and questions
2.Hypothesis
3.Experimental procedure
4.Record results
5.Draw conclusions

11. 1. Observations and Questions
What you see
Inferences are your logical interpretations of what you see.
Questions then arise…….
Why should I care?
Observe that plants near my neighbors yard grow bigger than the others in my yard.

12. 2. Hypothesis “If……then……”
Hypothesis-scientific and testable explanation for observations
“If……then……”
If I put fertilizer on my plants, then they will grow bigger

13. 3. Experimental Procedure
Experimental procedure- designed to test hypothesis
Split subjects you are testing into groups:
#1 Experimental Group-given the experimental factor or changed in some way
#2 Control Group:-NOT changed
Experimental Group
Fertilizer
Control Group
No Fertilizer

14. Variable-factor in experiment that is subject to change.
Independent variable- factor in experiment that’s changed purposely and independently—fertilizer
Dependent variable —factor that a scientist observes and that depends on what they scientist did in the procedure—plant height and ?
Only test ONE independent variable while having many constants.

15. Must be a controlled, reproducible procedure
Testing effects of
only ONE manipulated
Independent variable
while having MANY
constants!!!
Other scientists
need to be able to
reproduce it and
find same results.

16. EXPERIMENT EXPERIMENTAL GROUP Difference is the independent variable
CONTROL
GROUP
Compare the
dependent variable
Check the results
in time
Check the results
in time

17. 4. Results
Record data
Qualitative data -physical traits (qualities) that can be described
Quantitative data -measurements (quantities) that can be taken
Pictures, tables, graphs
Trends noticed

18. Qualitative? Quantitative?
Experimental Group Control Group
fertilizer no fertilizer

19. Science has a common measurement system
Metric system or (SI)- a measurement system used worldwide by scientists based on multiples of 10
Mass-grams (g)
Volume-liters (L)
Distance-meters (m)
Temperature- Kelvin (K) or Celsius (OC)

20. 5. Drawing Conclusions
Hypothesis is either supported or rejected. NEVER “PROVEN!”
If supported further testing
If rejected hypothesis changed and tested again
Can be partly true
Findings always useful!!!
Conclusion?

21. Overview State the Question or Problem Draw a Conclusion
Section 1-2
State the Question or Problem
Draw a Conclusion
Form a Hypothesis
Publish Results
Set Up a Controlled Experiment
Record Results

22. Limitations When experiments are not possible
Animals in natural habitat
Ethical concerns
Current lack of technology needed

23. Scientific Theory
Theory-a well-supported explanation of some aspect of the natural world
It’s the closest you can get to scientific fact
It’s a hypothesis than has been tested and supported many times
Used to make future predictions
Not “a hunch” like it means in everyday language
If contradictory evidence found, theory revised
There is no evidence against them
A hypothesis is a POSSIBLE explanation, whereas a theory IS an explanation