1. Temporary operations and project research

2. Projects: Definition A unique, non-repetitive task
With a predetermined date of delivery
Specified out from one or several goals
Consisting of a number of complex and/or mutually dependent activities

3. Project management history
Before industrialism: Important ventures like crusades and warfare organized as projects. No managerial philosophy then.
1911 Taylorism/Scientific Management. Henry L Gantt invents the Gantt-schedule in Used in large constrcuction projects such as the Hoover Dam and the Interstate highway network.
1931: Karol Adamiecki (actually the father of the Gantt chart) constructs the first network diagram, the s c Harmonogram.

6. Project management history
: Manhattan project (USA). 2 bn USD in turnover, at most employees. - Management by objectives (MBO) - Parallel activities.
1950’s: Operations analysis, RAND Corporation
1957: Sputnik shock, Polaris project initiated.

8. Project management history
Polaris project: 250 contractors and sub-contractors are coordinated in the execution of activities by means of PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique).
: CPM (Critical Path Method) constructed at DuPont, independently of PERT.
PERT and CPM are much alike and are both the original methods of network planning

10. Project management history
1959: The concept ”project manager” first mentioned in Harvard Business Review.
1960’s: Large interest in matrix organisations
1967: INTERNET (IPMA) and PMI founded.
1968 starts Föreningen Nätplan in Sverige (later Svenskt Projektforum).

11. Project management history
1980’s: Growing interest in organization and leadership issues in projects. The project form spreads to
More industries,
More applications
Smaller tasks
Internal tasks.

12. Project management history
1987: PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge) presented in its first edition by PMI. Increasing ambitions to certify project managers as PMP’s (Project Management Professionals).
1990’s: Project-based firms, standardisation of certifications

13. Traditionally: Project management research implies development of
A set of operations management-inspired models and techniques for the effective handling of time-limited unique tasks

14. From Project Management to project research
Forms and stages of critique
Levels of analysis
New theoretical linkages
Schools of thought

15. Project research as critique
Makes people comfortable
Organizational critique
Taxonomy/typology, Bounded rationality, planning critique, learning, stakeholder management, temporary organisations, improvisation, work life
Traditional project management Systems theory, planning models, team dynamics, stage-gate models, control systems
Makes
things
complicated
Make
things
simple
Ideological
critique
Power and control, actor network theory, gender, diversity, labour process
Effectiveness critique
Multi project methods, Critical Chain, Risk analysis, project evaluation & audit, communication, project maturity
Makes people uncomfortable

16. Project research in new levels of analysis
Global economy
Society
Project research in new levels of analysis
The industry
The application
The organization
The project office
The project portfolio
The project
The team
The individual

17. Theoretical links ??? Entrepreneurship/ innovation Leadership/teamwork
Communication/IT
Social psychology
Operations mgmt
Organization theory
Projekt
Critical mgmt-theory
SCM/logistics
Industrial dynamics
Operations analysis
Management control
Finance

18. Modern schools of thought
Optimization school
Factor school
Situation school
Behavioural school
Transaction school
Marketing school
Decision school
HRM school
Critical management theory school